Türkiye’de Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programlarının Tarihçesi, Gelişimi ve Eğilimler (1923-2023)

Abstract

The aim of this study is the history, development, change and trends of primary school science education programs put into practice between 1923-2023 in Turkey; to examine the components of the program. The method of the study is qualitative research method, the design is document analysis design. The data of the study consisted of the written texts of the primary school science course curriculum, which was applied and applied in the process from the establishment of the Republic to the present. Related documents were analyzed by content analysis technique. Based on the components of the curriculum in the literature, categories related to the relevant components in the curriculum were created. In terms of program components; including (1) course name, (2) curriculum development frequency, (3) curriculum development principles, (4) reasons for curriculum development, (5) curriculum development team, (6) curriculum design approaches, (7) curriculum design models, (8) basic educational philosophies, (9) goal writing approaches, (10) content editing approaches, (11) learning-teaching approaches, (12) measurement-evaluation approaches, twelve categories were determined and the curricula which was put into practice throughout the history of the Republic was analyzed according to these categories. It was concluded that in the curricula, the course names change according to the years, a certain system was not followed in the development and updating of the programs, the principles of program development were mostly not observed, but the program development principles were included in the 1926 Program at the most, the people who worked in the program development team were not included in the curricula except for the 2004 Program, the curriculum design models were not implemented in the curricula; however, the curriculum design model developed by the Ministry of National Education was implemented in the curricula.