TOPLU KONUTLARDA MEKÂNSAL HİYERARŞİ: ANKARA TOKİ YERLEŞİMLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Abstract

The main problem addressed in this thesis is the relationship between recurring spatial patterns and socio-economic differentiation in mass housing settlements produced by TOKİ. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to examine selected TOKİ settlements in Ankara within the framework of spatial uniformity and socio economic differentiation and to comparatively evaluate the relationships between public, semi-public, semi-private, and private spaces. The research focuses on six TOKİ settlements developed for different income groups and during different periods: Pursaklar Karacaören TOKİ (2005), Pursaklar Kuzeykent TOKİ (2017), Eryaman TOKİ (2004), Eryaman TOKİ (2007), Eryaman Göksupark Residences (2007), and İncek TOKİ (2014). These settlements were analyzed comparatively at parcel, building block, and dwelling unit scales. Site plans, block plans, dwelling layouts, and visual data obtained through on-site observations were examined to evaluate spatial hierarchy, access control, privacy levels, and the organization of common-use areas. Significant differences were identified among the settlements in terms of income group, construction period, security measures, social amenities, landscape organization, and parking solutions. The analyses reveal that as income level and construction period increase, the spatial hierarchy extending from public to private spaces becomes more pronounced, semi-private areas become more clearly defined, and greater importance is given to user privacy. While early period projects designed for lower-income groups tend to emphasize more permeable spatial arrangements focused on basic housing needs, settlements developed for middle- and upper-income groups are characterized by controlled access systems, enhanced security measures, and more clearly defined common-use spaces. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that spatial uniformity and socio economic differentiation coexist within TOKİ housing developments and jointly shape their spatial organization. Furthermore, the findings suggest that TOKİ has gradually evolved from an approach primarily focused on housing provision toward a more comprehensive settlement model that also considers spatial quality, security, sense of belonging, and user experience.