Kapsamlı Okula Hazır Bulunuşluk Ölçeği’nin (KOHDÖ) Geliştirilmesi ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to examine the school readiness level of preschool children. To determine the characteristics and the conceptual framework to be measured, school readiness scales in the literature and theoretical approaches on the subject were examined. To ensure content validity, the content validity form based on the Davis technique was applied to 18 experts in the field in two stages. The draft form, prepared in accordance with the expert opinions, was tested in a pilot study and revised according to the feedback. The finalized scale was administered to the teachers (n=534) of children between 57 and 72 months old who were attending preschool education (n=1813). To evaluate invariance over time, a test-retest application was applied to 386 children's teachers (n=103) at an interval of two weeks. The internal consistency was evaluated with item analysis, and the construct validity was evaluated with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The content validity index was found to be 0.994. The EFA showed that the 8 subdimensional structure significantly explained the variances and the items had acceptable factor loadings. CMIN/df values in the CFA ranged from 0.890 to 1.163, which are acceptable for all sub-dimensions. GFI, CFI, IFI, TLI and NFI values were above 0.90 in all sub-dimensions, while RMSEA values were in the range of 0.000– 0.009 and well below the limit of 0.08. Cronbach's alpha values were; Motor Skills were 0.96, Cognitive Skills 0.95, Sensory Skills 0.95, Communication-Language Skills 0.93, Social-Emotional Skills 0.91, Daily Living Skills 0.94, Academic Skills 0.95, and Play Skills 0.91. In the test-retest, Pearson correlation coefficients and ICC values were found to be above 0.90 for all. Consequently, the validity and reliability of the scale, consisting of eight subscales and 182 items, were confirmed. The scale meets the necessary criteria for multidimensionally assessing the school readiness levels of children aged 57–72 months and exhibits high psychometric properties.