Gestasyonel Diyabetes Mellitus Tanısı Alma Durumuna Göre Annelerin Serumu, Kord Kanı ve Anne Sütünde Osteopontin Düzeyleri-Vaka Kontrol Çalışması

Abstract

ABSTRACT Küçükoğlu Keser, M. Osteopontin Levels in Mothers' Serum, Cord Blood and Breast Milk According to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis: Case-Control Study. Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Programme of Social Pediatrics, PhD Thesis, Ankara, 2025. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic syndrome with a global prevalence ranging from 1% to 14%, and its incidence is steadily rising. Beyond perinatal complications, GDM is of particular significance due to its association with an increased long-term risk of metabolic disorders for both mothers and their offspring. In recent years, research has extended beyond known risk factors to explore the pathogenesis and predictability of GDM, focusing on the role of various bioactive compounds. Among these, osteopontin (OPN) and betatrophin (ANGPTL8) have drawn attention. While OPN has been linked to an increased prevalence of diabetes, studies examining its specific relationship with GDM remain limited. ANGPTL8, a newly identified hormone, has recently been shown to be associated with diabetes and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate OPN levels in maternal serum, cord blood, and postpartum breast milk, as well as ANGPTL8 levels in cord blood, to provide new insights into the diagnosis and monitoring of GDM. OPN levels were measured in maternal serum collected at delivery, cord serum, and breast milk samples obtained on postpartum days 10–15. ANGPTL8 levels were analyzed in cord serum. In addition, face-to-face questionnaires were conducted with mothers, and comparisons were made using maternal and infant data. The results demonstrated that OPN levels in maternal serum and breast milk were significantly higher in the GDM group compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the groups regarding cord OPN and ANGPTL8 levels. The increased levels of maternal serum OPN and breast milk OPN were found to be associated with a heightened risk of GDM. Conversely, no significant relationship was identified for ANGPTL8. These findings suggest that changes in OPN levels may play a role in the risk of GDM. This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Hacettepe University under grant number TDK-2021-19606. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, infant, osteopontin, betatrophin