Ahşap Tozu Maruziyeti Olan İşçilerde Diyetin Toplam Antioksidan Kapasitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Exposure to wood dust among workers is associated with various health issues, including cancer and lung pathologies. This study is a cross-sectional investigation designed to assess the nutritional status of workers exposed to wood dust, evaluate their total dietary antioxidant capacity, and determine its relationship with in-vivo biochemical indicators. The study involved 70 participants, including 40 woodworkers and 30 non-woodworkers. A questionnaire was administered to gather data on general characteristics, work-related information, dietary habits, and food consumption frequency over the past month. Participants provided 24-hour dietary recall and physical activity records, from which energy and nutrient intakes, as well as physical activity levels (PAL), were calculated. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and triceps skinfold thickness (TST)) and body composition were assessed. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale, and the Oxidative Balance Score was calculated. Serum samples were analyzed for total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS). Urinary samples were analyzed for 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and creatinine, with 8-OHdG levels normalized to creatinine. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet was calculated using seven different databases and the Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC) method. The average age, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), and monthly household income levels of the woodworkers and the control group were similar. Neither the woodworkers nor the control group had any diet-related health issues, and none were using medications or supplements regularly. Among the woodworkers, 50% were overweight, compared to 56.7% in the control group (p>0.05). Waist circumference measurements indicating high risk for chronic diseases were present in 17.5% of the woodworkers and 16.7% of the control group. Woodworkers consumed an average of 2991.4±529.5 kcal per day, while the control group consumed 2658.0±689.3 kcal (p<0.005). Both groups showed deficiencies in vitamin B12 and vitamin C. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values determined by T-ORAC, L-ORAC, H-ORAC, and FRAP-2 were significantly higher in woodworkers compared to the control group. The dietary components contributing most to TAC values for both woodworkers and the control group were cereals and flours for T-ORAC, L-ORAC, H-ORAC, FRAP-2, and beverages for TEAC, TRAP, FRAP-3, FRAP-4, and VCEAC. Poor sleep quality was observed in 30% of the woodworkers and 3.3% of the control group (p<0.05). In terms of physical activity levels, 42.5% of the woodworkers were classified as having high activity levels, whereas 43.3% of the control group had light activity and 53.3% had moderate activity levels (p<0.05). Serum TAS levels were significantly lower in woodworkers (1.68±0.23 mmol Trolox equivalent/L) compared to the control group (1.87±0.20 mmol Trolox equivalent/L) (p<0.05). Creatinine-adjusted 8-OHdG levels were higher in woodworkers (0.32±0.12 ng/mg creatinine) compared to the control group (0.22±0.12 ng/mg creatinine) (p<0.05). Exposure to wood dust has a significant impact on serum TAS levels and urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine ratios. This effect remains significant in all statistical models controlling for physical activity level (PAL), age, smoking status, dietary energy intake, and duration of wood exposure. In conclusion, woodworkers are identified as a high-risk group for oxidative stress and DNA damage. Nutritional recommendations for these workers should be revised to reflect the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of their diet, and strategies should be implemented to increase dietary diversity in order to improve dietary TAC levels.