KAFETERYA DİYETİ İLE BESLENEN SIÇANLARDA AKRİLAMİD ALIMININ OBEZOJENİK ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Buyukdere, Y., Examination of the Obesogenic Effects of Acrylamide Intake in Rats Fed With the Cafeteria Diet, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Program of Nutrition and Dietetics Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Ankara, 2024. The aim of this study is to examine the metabolic and genetic obesogenic effects of the acrylamide compound, which is frequently exposed environmentally in daily life, on obesity induced by the cafeteria diet (KAF) model in rats, and to investigate the possible effects of acrylamide on the development of obesity. This research was carried out between 11.24.2021 and 11.24.2022 in Hacettepe University Experimental Animals Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University Department of Nutrition and Dietetics research laboratories, and the laboratories of the relevant company (Diagen Biotechnological Systems Inc., Ankara). Twenty four 3-week-old male Wistar rats were included in the study. After a one-week acclimatization period, the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. These groups were as follows: control diet group fed with AIN-93G compatible diet (KON, n = 6), KAF group fed with cafeteria diet (n = 6), Acrylamide-1 (AA1) (n = 6) group which was given 50 μg/kg body weight of acrylamide each time by oral gavage twice a week along with cafeteria diet, and Acrylamide-2 (AA2) (n = 6) group, which was given 170 μg/kg body weight of acrylamide each time twice a week by oral gavage along with cafeteria diet. Each group was fed ad libitum with different diets and drinking water for 12 weeks. The rats were weighed 2 days a week (days on which acrylamide was administered), and food and water consumption amounts were recorded daily. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized and blood, tissue and organ samples were taken and the weights of the remaining carcasses, tissues and organs were recorded. Body compositions (body fat, protein and water percentages) were determined. Plasma was obtained from the blood taken and fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and liver triglyceride levels were analyzed, and the HOMA-IR index was calculated. Gene expression levels of c/EBPα, PPAR-γ and IL-6 genes were analyzed in samples taken from perirenal adipose tissues. Food consumption and fat intake of rats were found to be higher in the AA1, AA2, and KAF groups compared to the KON group (p<0.001). Food consumption (KON: 24.45±1.02 g/day, KAF: 44.79±1.02 g/day, AA1: 49.24±1.02 g/day and AA2: 54.83±1, 02 g/day), and fat intake (KON: 1.71±0.20 g/day, KAF: 7.56±0.20 g/day, AA1: 8.95±0.20 g/day and AA2: 9.90±0.20 g/day) was higher in the AA2 group than the AA1 and KAF groups, and was higher in the AA1 group than the KAF group. Energy intake was found to be higher in the AA1, AA2 and KAF groups compared to the KON group (p<0.001). Energy intake was higher in the AA2 group than in the AA1 and KAF groups (KON: 97.82±4.28 kcal/day, KAF: 163.46±4.28 kcal/day, AA1: 176.48±4.28 kcal/day and AA2: 199.62±4.28 kcal/day). Carbohydrate intake was higher in the AA2 group compared to all other groups (KON: 15.65±0.60 g/day, KAF: 16.86±0.60 g/day, AA1: 16.57±0, 60 g/day and AA2: 19.37±0.60 g/day) (p=0.002). The total weight gain of the rats was higher in the AA2, AA1 and KAF groups compared to the KON group (KON: 373.92±21.10 g, KAF: 458.90±14.86 g, AA1: 478.98±20.85 g and AA2: 552.13±24.37 g) (p<0.001). Percentage dry weight of body fat in AA2 group compared to KAF and KON groups (KON: 31.83±2.83%, KAF: 35.00±2.22%, AA1: 41.45±1.82% and AA2: 45%, 28±3.22) was higher (p=0.006). Relative total perirenal adipose tissue weight in the AA2 group compared to the KAF and KON groups (KON: 2.49±0.33%, KAF: 2.53±0.27%, AA1: 3.29±0.21% and AA2: 3.75±0.50%) was higher (p<0.05). Only fasting plasma total cholesterol levels were found to be lower in the AA2 and AA1 groups compared to the KON group (KON: 79.50±7.21 mg/dL, KAF: 66.00±16.43 mg/dL, AA1: 47.67±2.09 mg/dL and AA2: 47.83±1.78 mg/dL) (p = 0.014). Although there was no significant difference between the groups in the relative gene expression levels of c/EBPα genes (KON: 1,07±0,18, KAF: 0,65±0,11, AA1: 1,28±0,17 ve AA2: 0,73±0,22), and IL-6 genes (KON: 1,18±0,20, KAF: 1,73±0,44, AA1: 1,89±0,46, AA2: 2,86±0,47) of rats, tendency towards statistical significance were detected (p=0.065, and p=0.056, respectively). As a result, in this study, acrylamide exposure increased cafeteria diet-induced hyperphagic eating behavior, body weight gain, body mass index, percentage dry weight of body fat, and relative total perirenal adipose tissue weight. The observed adverse effects became more pronounced with higher doses of acrylamide. Considering these data, reducing acrylamide exposure and preventing acrylamide formation in foods in the food industry and individually is very important in terms of preventing obesity.