Özet
Obesity is one of the most common comorbidities in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), an inflammatory arthritis, and is associated with high disease activity, low quality of life, and unfavorable treatment processes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of diet and cognitive exercise therapy approach (BETY) intervention on disease activity and quality of life in overweight/obese PsA patients. The study included 70 obese/slightly obese patients aged 20-65, who were diagnosed with PsA according to CASPAR (Psoriatic Arthritis Classification Criteria) criteria and applied to Hacettepe University Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Rheumatology between 2021-2022. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (diet, n=23; diet+BETY, n=23; control, n=24) and followed for 12 weeks. While patients in the diet group were applied only to a diet program, patients in the diet+BETY group were applied to a diet program together with a biopsychosocial-based exercise (BETY) program. Disease activity assessments, anthropometric measurements, food consumption records, quality of life scale, and BETY-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) scores were recorded and compared at baseline (week 0) and week twelve. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effects of interventions on disease activity scores. The study was completed with 48 patients. A significant decrease in body weight was observed in the diet+BETY (-6.2±1.3 kg, p<0.001) and diet (-6.6±2.6 kg, p<0.001) groups compared to the baseline. After 12 weeks, the Disease Activity for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score significantly decreased in both intervention groups (diet+BETY: -10.7±8.1, p<0.001; diet: -7.6±6.7, p<0.001). Regardless of interventions, weight loss (≥5%) increased the chance of achieving Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) (OR: 6.51, 95% CI: 1.09-38.90). These results showed that weight loss and a biopsychosocial-based exercise intervention, alone or in combination, improved PsA symptoms. Multidisciplinary approaches for obese PsA patients may improve the management of the disease and increase the chances of achieving remission.
Künye
1. Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Dann FJ, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Trends in incidence of adult-onset psoriasis over three decades: a population-based study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2009;60(3):394-401.
2. Ritchlin CT, Colbert RA, Gladman DD. Psoriatic arthritis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;376(10):957-70.
3. Alinaghi F, Calov M, Kristensen LE, Gladman DD, Coates LC, Jullien D, et al. Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and clinical studies. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2019;80(1):251-65. e19.
4. Rech J, Sticherling M, Stoessel D, Biermann MH, Häberle BM, Reinhardt M. Psoriatic arthritis epidemiology, comorbid disease profiles and risk factors: results from a claims database analysis. Rheumatology Advances in Practice. 2020;4(2):rkaa033.
5. Perez-Chada LM, Merola JF. Comorbidities associated with psoriatic arthritis: review and update. Clinical Immunology. 2020;214:108397.
6. Puig L. Cardiometabolic comorbidities in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19(1):58.
7. Husni ME. Comorbidities in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatic Disease Clinics. 2015;41(4):677-98.
8. Husted JA, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V, Eder L, Rosen CF, Cook RJ, et al. Cardiovascular and other comorbidities in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison with patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2011;63(12):1729-35.
9. Kumthekar A, Ogdie A. Obesity and psoriatic arthritis: a narrative review. Rheumatology and therapy. 2020;7:447-56.
10. Haroon M, Gallagher P, Heffernan E, FitzGerald O. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of insulin resistance in psoriatic arthritis is associated with the severity of underlying disease. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2014;41(7):1357-65.
11. Li W, Han J, Qureshi AA. Obesity and risk of incident psoriatic arthritis in US women. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2012;71(8):1267-72.
12. Eder L, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V, Cook RJ, Gladman DD. Obesity is associated with a lower probability of achieving sustained minimal disease activity state among patients with psoriatic arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2015;74(5):813-7.
13. Galíndez E, Carmona L. Is obesity in psoriatic arthritis associated with a poorer therapeutic response and more adverse effects of treatment with an anchor drug? Reumatología Clínica (English Edition). 2016;12(6):307-12.
14. Di Minno MND, Peluso R, Iervolino S, Lupoli R, Russolillo A, Scarpa R, et al. Obesity and the prediction of minimal disease activity: a prospective study in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2013;65(1):141-7.
15. Lynch M, Ahern T, Sweeney CM, Malara A, Tobin AM, O'Shea D, et al. Adipokines, psoriasis, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. International Journal of Dermatology. 2017;56(11):1103-18.
16. Hainer V, Toplak H, Mitrakou A. Treatment modalities of obesity: what fits whom? Diabetes care. 2008;31(Supplement_2):S269-S77.
17. Mahil S, McSweeney S, Kloczko E, McGowan B, Barker J, Smith C. Does weight loss reduce the severity and incidence of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis? A Critically Appraised Topic. British Journal of Dermatology. 2019;181(5):946-53.
18. Klingberg E, Bilberg A, Björkman S, Hedberg M, Jacobsson L, Forsblad-d’Elia H, et al. Weight loss improves disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity: an interventional study. Arthritis research & therapy. 2019;21(1):1-10.
19. Di Minno MND, Peluso R, Iervolino S, Russolillo A, Lupoli R, Scarpa R, et al. Weight loss and achievement of minimal disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis starting treatment with tumour necrosis factor α blockers. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2014;73(6):1157-62.
20. Ford AR, Siegel M, Bagel J, Cordoro KM, Garg A, Gottlieb A, et al. Dietary recommendations for adults with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis from the medical board of the national psoriasis foundation: a systematic review. JAMA Dermatology. 2018;154(8):934-50.
21. Booth J, Moseley GL, Schiltenwolf M, Cashin A, Davies M, Hübscher M. Exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a biopsychosocial approach. Musculoskeletal care. 2017;15(4):413-21.
22. Kovacs AH, Sears SF, Saidi AS. Biopsychosocial experiences of adults with congenital heart disease: review of the literature. American Heart Journal. 2005;150(2):193-201.
23. Ünal E. Romatizmal Hastalıklarda Biyopsikososyal Model: Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı. Pelikan Kitabevi, Ankara. 2014.
24. Edibe Ü, Gamze A, Karaca NB, KİRAZ S, AKDOĞAN A, KALYONCU U, et al. Romatizmalı hastalar için bir yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: madde havuzunun oluşturulması. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2017;4(2):67-75.
25. Moll J, Wright V. Psoriatic arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1973;3(1):55-78.
26. Armstrong AW, Read C. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review. Jama. 2020;323(19):1945-60.
27. Kurd SK, Gelfand JM. The prevalence of previously diagnosed and undiagnosed psoriasis in US adults: results from NHANES 2003-2004. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2009;60(2):218-24.
28. Johnson J, Ma C, Kanada K, Armstrong A. Diet and nutrition in psoriasis: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2014;28(3):327-32.
29. Eder L, Haddad A, Rosen CF, Lee KA, Chandran V, Cook R, et al. The incidence and risk factors for psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016;68(4):915-23.
30. Tillett W, Charlton R, Nightingale A, Snowball J, Green A, Smith C, et al. Interval between onset of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis comparing the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink with a hospital-based cohort. Rheumatology. 2017;56(12):2109-13.
31. Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Incidence and clinical predictors of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: a population‐based study. Arthritis Care & Research. 2009;61(2):233-9.
32. Marsal S, Armadans-Gil L, Martinez M, Gallardo D, Ribera A, Lience E. Clinical, radiographic and HLA associations as markers for different patterns of psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 1999;38(4):332-7.
33. Gladman DD. Psoriatic arthritis. Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology. 1995;9(2):319-29.
34. Rahman P, Elder J. Genetic epidemiology of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64(suppl 2):ii37-ii9.
35. Solmaz D, Eder L, Aydin SZ. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors, and disease outcomes of psoriatic arthritis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2018;32(2):295-311.
36. Ogdie A, Weiss P. The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatic Disease Clinics. 2015;41(4):545-68.
37. Scotti L, Franchi M, Marchesoni A, Corrao G, editors. Prevalence and incidence of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism; 2018: Elsevier.
38. Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over 3 decades: a population-based study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2009;36(2):361-7.
39. Hoff M, Gulati AM, Romundstad PR, Kavanaugh A, Haugeberg G. Prevalence and incidence rates of psoriatic arthritis in central Norway: data from the Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT). Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2015;74(1):60-4.
40. Ogdie A, Langan S, Love T, Haynes K, Shin D, Seminara N, et al. Prevalence and treatment patterns of psoriatic arthritis in the UK. Rheumatology. 2013;52(3):568-75.
41. Grellmann C, Dombrowsky W, Fabricius V, Suruki R, Sheahan A, Joeres L. Epidemiology and Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Psoriasis in Germany: A Real-World Evidence Study. Advances in Therapy. 2020:1-20.
42. Prignano F, Rogai V, Cavallucci E, Bitossi A, Hammen V, Cantini F. Epidemiology of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in Italy—a systematic review. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2018;20(7):1-12.
43. Romero Pérez A, Queiro R, Seoane-Mato D, Graell E, Chamizo E, Chaves Chaparro L, et al. Higher prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in the adult population in Spain? A population-based cross-sectional study. PloS One. 2020;15(6):e0234556.
44. Tam L-S, Leung Y-Y, Li EK. Psoriatic arthritis in Asia. Rheumatology. 2009;48(12):1473-7.
45. Çakır N, Pamuk ÖN, Derviş E, İmeryüz N, Uslu H, Benian Ö, et al. The prevalences of some rheumatic diseases in western Turkey: Havsa study. Rheumatology International. 2012;32(4):895-908.
46. Karmacharya P, Crowson CS, Bekele D, Achenbach SJ, Davis III JM, Ogdie A, et al. The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis over five decades: a Population‐Based study. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2021;73(10):1878-85.
47. Wei JC-C, Shi L-H, Huang J-Y, Wu X-F, Wu R, Chiou J-Y. Epidemiology and medication pattern change of psoriatic diseases in Taiwan from 2000 to 2013: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2018;45(3):385-92.
48. Tłustochowicz M, Wierzba W, Marczak M, Tłustochowicz W, Śliwczyński A, Raciborski F, et al. Trends in psoriatic arthritis epidemiology in Poland. Rheumatology International. 2020:1-7.
49. Egeberg A, Kristensen LE, Thyssen JP, Gislason GH, Gottlieb AB, Coates LC, et al. Incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in Denmark: a nationwide register linkage study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2017;76(9):1591-7.
50. Kerola AM, Sexton J, Wibetoe G, Rollefstad S, Crowson CS, Mars N, et al., editors. Incidence, sociodemographic factors and treatment penetration of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis in Norway. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism; 2021: Elsevier.
51. Ocampo V, Gladman D. Psoriatic arthritis. F1000Research. 2019;8.
52. Pedersen OB, Svendsen AJ, Ejstrup L, Skytthe A, Junker P. On the heritability of psoriatic arthritis. Disease concordance among monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2008;67(10):1417-21.
53. Winchester R, Minevich G, Steshenko V, Kirby B, Kane D, Greenberg DA, et al. HLA associations reveal genetic heterogeneity in psoriatic arthritis and in the psoriasis phenotype. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2012;64(4):1134-44.
54. Stuart PE, Nair RP, Tsoi LC, Tejasvi T, Das S, Kang HM, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous psoriasis reveals differences in their genetic architecture. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2015;97(6):816-36.
55. Solmaz D, Ureyen S, Kimyon G, Gunal E, Dogru A, Bayindir O, et al. THU0285 The effect of family history on disease phenotypes in 1393 psoriatic arthritis patients. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2018.
56. Choo SY. The HLA system: genetics, immunology, clinical testing, and clinical implications. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2007;48(1):11-23.
57. FitzGerald O, Winchester R. Psoriatic arthritis: from pathogenesis to therapy. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2009;11(1):1-9.
58. Bowes J, Budu-Aggrey A, Huffmeier U, Uebe S, Steel K, Hebert HL, et al. Dense genotyping of immune-related susceptibility loci reveals new insights into the genetics of psoriatic arthritis. Nature Communications. 2015;6(1):6046.
59. Veale DJ, Fearon U. The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. The Lancet. 2018;391(10136):2273-84.
60. Frischknecht L, Vecellio M, Selmi C. The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 2019;11:1759720X19886505.
61. Costa L, Ramonda R, Ortolan A, Favero M, Foti R, Visalli E, et al. Psoriatic arthritis and obesity: the role of anti-IL-12/IL-23 treatment. Clinical Rheumatology. 2019;38(9):2355-62.
62. Yeremenko N, Paramarta JE, Baeten D. The interleukin-23/interleukin-17 immune axis as a promising new target in the treatment of spondyloarthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 2014;26(4):361-70.
63. Schinocca C, Rizzo C, Fasano S, Grasso G, La Barbera L, Ciccia F, et al. Role of the IL-23/IL-17 Pathway in Rheumatic Diseases: An Overview. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:321.
64. Menon B, Gullick NJ, Walter GJ, Rajasekhar M, Garrood T, Evans HG, et al. Interleukin‐17+ CD8+ T cells are enriched in the joints of patients with psoriatic arthritis and correlate with disease activity and joint damage progression. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2014;66(5):1272-81.
65. Leijten EF, van Kempen TS, Boes M, Michels‐van Amelsfort JM, Hijnen D, Hartgring SA, et al. Brief report: enrichment of activated group 3 innate lymphoid cells in psoriatic arthritis synovial fluid. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2015;67(10):2673-8.
66. Queiro R, Lorenzo A, Tejón P, Coto P, Pardo E. Obesity in psoriatic arthritis: comparative prevalence and associated factors. Medicine. 2019;98(28).
67. Eder L, Law T, Chandran V, Shanmugarajah S, Shen H, Rosen CF, et al. Association between environmental factors and onset of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2011;63(8):1091-7.
68. Thorarensen SM, Lu N, Ogdie A, Gelfand JM, Choi HK, Love TJ. Physical trauma recorded in primary care is associated with the onset of psoriatic arthritis among patients with psoriasis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2017;76(3):521-5.
69. Dagan A, Dahan S, Shemer A, Langevitz P, Hellou T, Davidson T, et al. Acute onset of psoriatic spondyloarthritis as a new manifestation of post-streptococcal reactive arthritis: a case series. Clinical Rheumatology. 2019;38:2367-72.
70. Reveille JD, Williams FM. Rheumatologic complications of HIV infection. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2006;20(6):1159-79.
71. Thomsen RS, Nilsen TI, Haugeberg G, Gulati AM, Kavanaugh A, Hoff M. Adiposity and Physical Activity as Risk Factors for Developing Psoriatic Arthritis: Longitudinal Data From a Population‐Based Study in Norway. Arthritis Care & Research. 2021;73(3):432-41.
72. Gladman DD. Psoriatic arthritis: Clinical features. Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. 2008:170Y7.
73. Mease PJ, Garg A, Helliwell PS, Park JJ, Gladman DD. Development of criteria to distinguish inflammatory from noninflammatory arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, and spondylitis: a report from the GRAPPA 2013 Annual Meeting. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2014;41(6):1249-51.
74. Peluso R, Iervolino S, Vitiello M, Bruner V, Lupoli G, Di Minno MND. Extra-articular manifestations in psoriatic arthritis patients. Clinical Rheumatology. 2015;34:745-53.
75. Gladman DD, Ritchlin C. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. UpToDate. 2020.
76. Brockbank JE, Stein M, Schentag CT, Gladman DD. Dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis: a marker for disease severity? Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64(2):188-90.
77. Schett G, Lories RJ, D'Agostino M-A, Elewaut D, Kirkham B, Soriano ER, et al. Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2017;13(12):731-41.
78. Balulu G, Furer V, Wollman J, Levartovsky D, Aloush V, Elalouf O, et al. The association between sonographic enthesitis with sonographic synovitis and tenosynovitis in psoriatic arthritis patients. Rheumatology. 2023:kead202.
79. Tinazzi I, McGonagle D, Zabotti A, Chessa D, Marchetta A, Macchioni P. Comprehensive evaluation of finger flexor tendon entheseal soft tissue and bone changes by ultrasound can differentiate psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36(5):785-90.
80. Gutierrez M, Filippucci E, Salaffi F, Di Geso L, Grassi W. Differential diagnosis between rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: the value of ultrasound findings at metacarpophalangeal joints level. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2011;70(6):1111-4.
81. Williamson L, Dalbeth N, Dockerty J, Gee B, Weatherall R, Wordsworth B. nail disease in psoriatic arthritis—clinically important, potentially treatable and often overlooked. Rheumatology. 2004;43(6):790-4.
82. Cassell SE, Bieber JD, Rich P, Tutuncu ZN, Lee SJ, Kalunian KC, et al. The modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index: validation of an instrument to assess psoriatic nail involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2007;34(1):123-9.
83. Tillett W, Merola JF, Thaçi D, Holdsworth E, Booth N, Lobosco LS, et al. Disease characteristics and the burden of joint and skin involvement amongst people with psoriatic arthritis: a population survey. Rheumatology and Therapy. 2020;7:617-37.
84. Patel S, Kumthekar A. Psoriatic arthritis: the influence of co-morbidities on drug choice. Rheumatology and Therapy. 2022;9(1):49-71.
85. Cantini F, Salvarani C, Olivieri I, Macchioni L, Niccoli L, Padula A, et al. Distal extremity swelling with pitting edema in psoriatic arthritis: a case-control study. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2001;19(3):291-6.
86. Fotiadou C, Lazaridou E. Psoriasis and uveitis: links and risks. Psoriasis: Targets and Therapy. 2019:91-6.
87. Chia AYT, Ang GWX, Chan ASY, Chan W, Chong TKY, Leung YY. Managing psoriatic arthritis with inflammatory bowel disease and/or uveitis. Frontiers in Medicine. 2021;8:737256.
88. Charlton R, Green A, Shaddick G, Snowball J, Nightingale A, Tillett W, et al. Risk of uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease in people with psoriatic arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2018;77(2):277-80.
89. Zeboulon N, Dougados M, Gossec L. Prevalence and characteristics of uveitis in the spondyloarthropathies: a systematic literature review. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2008;67(7):955-9.
90. Helliwell P, Taylor W. Classification and diagnostic criteria for psoriatic arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2005;64(suppl 2):ii3-ii8.
91. Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, Marchesoni A, Mease P, Mielants H. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis & Rheumatism: Official Journal of the American College of Rheumatology. 2006;54(8):2665-73.
92. Liu J-T, Yeh H-M, Liu S-Y, Chen K-T. Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. World Journal of Orthopedics. 2014;5(4):537.
93. Kalyoncu U, Yücel E, Yavuz Ş, Aksu K, Özbek S, Seyahi E, et al. Türkiye Romatoloji Derne¤ i psoriyatik artrit ulusal tedavi önerileri. RAED Journal/RAED Dergisi. 2018;10(2).
94. Bilgin E, Kalyoncu U. Psöriyatik artritte tedavi seçenekleri. Journal of Turkish Society for Rheumatology. 2020;12.
95. Coates LC, van der Windt DA, O’Sullivan D, Soriano ER, Kavanaugh A. Grappa treatment recommendations: 2021 update. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2022;49(6 Suppl 1):52-4.
96. Gossec L, Baraliakos X, Kerschbaumer A, de Wit M, McInnes I, Dougados M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2020;79(6):700-12.
97. Gossec L, Smolen JS, Ramiro S, De Wit M, Cutolo M, Dougados M, et al. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2015 update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2016;75(3):499-510.
98. Coates LC, Soriano ER, Corp N, Bertheussen H, Callis Duffin K, Campanholo CB, et al. Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA): updated treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis 2021. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2022;18(8):465-79.
99. Coates LC, Kavanaugh A, Mease PJ, Soriano ER, Laura Acosta‐Felquer M, Armstrong AW, et al. Group for research and assessment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis 2015 treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016;68(5):1060-71.
100. Ritchlin CT, Kavanaugh A, Gladman D, Mease P, Helliwell P, Boehncke W, et al. Treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2009;68(9):1387-94.
101. Coates LC, Helliwell PS. Psoriatic arthritis: state of the art review. Clinical Medicine. 2017;17(1):65.
102. Højgaard P, Glintborg B, Kristensen LE, Gudbjornsson B, Love TJ, Dreyer L. The influence of obesity on response to tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis: results from the DANBIO and ICEBIO registries. Rheumatology. 2016;55(12):2191-9.
103. Singh S, Facciorusso A, Singh AG, Casteele NV, Zarrinpar A, Prokop LJ, et al. Obesity and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents in patients with select immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0195123.
104. Organization WH. Obesity and overweight [Internet]. 2021 [Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2022]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
105. Organization WH. Body mass index [Internet] 2021 [Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2022]. Erişim adresi: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi [
106. Sharma AM, Padwal R. Obesity is a sign–over‐eating is a symptom: an aetiological framework for the assessment and management of obesity. Obesity Reviews. 2010;11(5):362-70.
107. Piché M-E, Tchernof A, Després J-P. Obesity phenotypes, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation Research. 2020;126(11):1477-500.
108. Anekwe CV, Jarrell AR, Townsend MJ, Gaudier GI, Hiserodt JM, Stanford FC. Socioeconomics of obesity. Current Obesity Reports. 2020:1-8.
109. Wadden TA, Brownell KD, Foster GD. Obesity: responding to the global epidemic. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2002;70(3):510.
110. Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2019;15(5):288-98.
111. Collaborators GO. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;377(1):13-27.
112. Caballero B. The global epidemic of obesity: an overview. Epidemiologic Reviews. 2007;29(1):1-5.
113. May AL, Freedman D, Sherry B, Blanck HM, Control CfD, Prevention. Obesity—United States, 1999–2010. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2013;62(Suppl 3):120-8.
114. Wang Y, Beydoun MA, Liang L, Caballero B, Kumanyika SK. Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity. 2008;16(10):2323-30.
115. CDC. Adult Obesity Facts [Internet]. 2022 [Erişim tarihi: 10.12.2022]. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html.
116. Ural D, Kılıçkap M, Göksülük H, Karaaslan SDD, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Özer N, et al. Türkiye’de obezite sıklığı ve bel çevresi verileri: Kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerine yönelik epidemiyolojik çalışmaların sistematik derleme, meta-analiz ve meta-regresyonu. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2018;46(7):577-90.
117. Bakanlığı TS. Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması 2010: Beslenme durumu ve alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi sonuç raporu. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara. 2014;565.
118. Bakanlığı TCS. türkiye beslenme ve sağlik araştirmasi (TBSA). Ankara.2019.
119. Organization WH. Europen regional obesity report [Internet]. 2022 [Erişim tarihi:12.01.2023]. Erişim adresi: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/353747/9789289057738-eng.pdf.
120. Bakanlığı TS. Türkiye beslenme rehberi TÜBER 2015. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın. 1031:172-217.
121. Bakanlığı TS. Türkiye sağlıklı beslenme ve hareketli hayat programı (2014-2017). Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayını Ankara: Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. 2013.
122. Bakanlığı TS, Müdürlüğü SHG. Türkiye sağlıklı beslenme ve hareketli hayat programı (2010-2014). Sağlık Bakanlığı, Ankara. 2011.
123. Ogdie A, Schwartzman S, Eder L, Maharaj AB, Zisman D, Raychaudhuri SP, et al. Comprehensive treatment of psoriatic arthritis: managing comorbidities and extraarticular manifestations. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2014;41(11):2315-22.
124. Jafri K, Bartels CM, Shin D, Gelfand JM, Ogdie A. Incidence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population‐based study. Arthritis Care & Research. 2017;69(1):51-7.
125. Love TJ, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Wall-Burns L, Ogdie A, Gelfand JM, et al. Obesity and the risk of psoriatic arthritis: a population-based study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2012;71(8):1273-7.
126. Batkaeva N, Korotaeva T, Batkaev E. AB0791 High prevalence of metabolic disorders and obesity in psoriatic arthritis compared to psoriasis alone: a retrospective dermatological clinic-based study. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2017.
127. Labitigan M, Bahče‐Altuntas A, Kremer JM, Reed G, Greenberg JD, Jordan N, et al. Higher rates and clustering of abnormal lipids, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in psoriatic arthritis compared with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2014;66(4):600-7.
128. Bhole VM, Choi HK, Burns LC, Vera Kellet C, Lacaille DV, Gladman DD, et al. Differences in body mass index among individuals with PsA, psoriasis, RA and the general population. Rheumatology. 2012;51(3):552-6.
129. Blake T, Gullick NJ, Hutchinson CE, Barber TM. Psoriatic disease and body composition: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Plos one. 2020;15(8):e0237598.
130. Cañete JD, Mease P. The link between obesity and psoriatic arthritis. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2012.
131. Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Cordeiro-Rodríguez M, Carnero-Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Martínez-Herrera E, Fabbrocini G, et al. Biomarkers of inflammation in obesity-psoriatic patients. Mediators of Inflammation. 2019;2019.
132. Porta S, Otero-Losada M, Kölliker Frers RA, Cosentino V, Kerzberg E, Capani F. Adipokines, cardiovascular risk, and therapeutic management in obesity and psoriatic arthritis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;11:590749.
133. Ahima RS, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2000;11(8):327-32.
134. Toussirot E, Streit G, Wendling D. The contribution of adipose tissue and adipokines to inflammation in joint diseases. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2007;14(10):1095-100.
135. Mohamed-Ali V, Pinkney J, Coppack S. Adipose tissue as an endocrine and paracrine organ. International Journal of Obesity. 1998;22(12):1145-58.
136. Scherer PE. Adipose tissue: from lipid storage compartment to endocrine organ. Diabetes. 2006;55(6):1537-45.
137. Sun K, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue remodeling and obesity. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011;121(6):2094-101.
138. Murray PJ, Wynn TA. Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2011;11(11):723-37.
139. Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2003;112(12):1796-808.
140. Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2007;117(1):175-84.
141. Wynn TA, Chawla A, Pollard JW. Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature. 2013;496(7446):445-55.
142. Nishimura S, Manabe I, Nagasaki M, Eto K, Yamashita H, Ohsugi M, et al. CD8+ effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Nature Medicine. 2009;15(8):914-20.
143. Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, Chou CJ, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2003;112(12):1821-30.
144. Fouser LA, Wright JF, Dunussi‐Joannopoulos K, Collins M. Th17 cytokines and their emerging roles in inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunological Reviews. 2008;226(1):87-102.
145. Winer S, Paltser G, Chan Y, Tsui H, Engleman E, Winer D, et al. Obesity predisposes to Th17 bias. European Journal of Immunology. 2009;39(9):2629-35.
146. Fabbrini E, Cella M, Mccartney SA, Fuchs A, Abumrad NA, Pietka TA, et al. Association between specific adipose tissue CD4+ T-cell populations and insulin resistance in obese individuals. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(2):366-74. e3.
147. Sumarac-Dumanovic M, Stevanovic D, Ljubic A, Jorga J, Simic M, Stamenkovic-Pejkovic D, et al. Increased activity of interleukin-23/interleukin-17 proinflammatory axis in obese women. International Journal of Obesity. 2009;33(1):151-6.
148. Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444(7121):860-7.
149. Jagannathan-Bogdan M, McDonnell ME, Shin H, Rehman Q, Hasturk H, Apovian CM, et al. Elevated proinflammatory cytokine production by a skewed T cell compartment requires monocytes and promotes inflammation in type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Immunology. 2011;186(2):1162-72.
150. Tatano Y, Shimizu T, Tomioka H. Unique macrophages different from M1/M2 macrophages inhibit T cell mitogenesis while upregulating Th17 polarization. Scientific Reports. 2014;4(1):4146.
151. Moroni L, Farina N, Dagna L. Obesity and its role in the management of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology. 2020;39(4):1039-47.
152. Siebert S, Bergmans P, de Vlam K, Gremese E, Joven-Ibáñez B, Korotaeva T, et al. OP0007 High body mass index (BMI) in psoriatic arthritis (PSA) is associated with higher disease activity in joints and skin, impaired quality of life and more disability: results from the PSABIO study. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases; 2019.
153. Gok K, Nas K, Tekeoglu I, Sunar I, Keskin Y, Kilic E, et al. Impact of obesity on quality of life, psychological status, and disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: a multi‑center study. Rheumatology International. 2022;42(4):659-68.
154. Walsh JA, Wan MT, Willinger C, Husni ME, Scher JU, Reddy SM, et al. Measuring Outcomes in Psoriatic Arthritis: Comparing Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data and Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2020;47(10):1496-505.
155. Leung YY, Eder L, Orbai A-M, Coates LC, de Wit M, Smolen JS, et al. Association between obesity and likelihood of remission or low disease activity status in psoriatic arthritis applying index-based and patient-based definitions of remission: a cross-sectional study. RMD Open. 2023;9(3):e003157.
156. Alharbi S, Justine YY, Lee K-A, Chandran V, Cook RJ, Gladman DD. Remission in psoriatic arthritis: definition and predictors. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2020;50(6):1494-9.
157. Ferguson LD, Linge J, Dahlqvist Leinhard O, Woodward R, Hall Barrientos P, Roditi G, et al. Psoriatic arthritis is associated with adverse body composition predictive of greater coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes propensity–a cross-sectional study. Rheumatology. 2021;60(4):1858-62.
158. Green A, Shaddick G, Charlton R, Snowball J, Nightingale A, Smith C, et al. Modifiable risk factors and the development of psoriatic arthritis in people with psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology. 2020;182(3):714-20.
159. Weijers JM, Müskens WD, van Riel PL. Effect of significant weight loss on disease activity: reason to implement this non-pharmaceutical intervention in daily clinical practice. RMD open. 2021;7(1):e001498.
160. Almodóvar R, Zarco P, Otón T, Carmona L. Effect of weight loss on activity in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. Reumatología Clínica (English Edition). 2018;14(4):207-10.
161. Landgren A, Jonsson C, Bilberg A, Eliasson B, Torres L, Dehlin M, et al. Serum IL-23 significantly decreased in obese patients with psoriatic arthritis six months after a structured weight loss intervention. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2023;25(1):131.
162. Shimkin MB. The World Health Organization. Science. 1946;104(2700):281-3.
163. Leonardi F. The definition of health: towards new perspectives. International Journal of Health Services. 2018;48(4):735-48.
164. Schramme T. Health as complete Well-being: the WHO Definition and beyond. Public Health Ethics. 2023:phad017.
165. Hunt J. Holistic or harmful? Examining socio-structural factors in the biopsychosocial model of chronic illness,‘medically unexplained symptoms’ and disability. Disability & Society. 2022:1-30.
166. Lugg W. The biopsychosocial model–history, controversy and Engel. Australasian Psychiatry. 2022;30(1):55-9.
167. Wade DT, Halligan PW. The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come. SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England; 2017. p. 995-1004.
168. Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977;196(4286):129-36.
169. Engel GL. The biopsychosocial model and the education of health professionals. General Hospital Psychiatry. 1979;1(2):156-65.
170. Grassi L, Wise T, Riba MB. The role of patient-centered and recovery-oriented models in medicine: An introduction. Person Centered Approach to Recovery in Medicine: Insights from Psychosomatic Medicine and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry. 2019:1-15.
171. Gatchel RJ, Peng YB, Peters ML, Fuchs PN, Turk DC. The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin. 2007;133(4):581.
172. Meeus M, Nijs J, Van Wilgen P, Noten S, Goubert D, Huijnen I. Moving on to movement in patients with chronic joint pain. Pain. 2016;1(10):23-35.
173. McCracken LM, Turk DC. Behavioral and cognitive–behavioral treatment for chronic pain: outcome, predictors of outcome, and treatment process. Spine. 2002;27(22):2564-73.
174. Yang J, Lo WLA, Zheng F, Cheng X, Yu Q, Wang C. Evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy on improving pain, fear avoidance, and self-efficacy in patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Research and Management. 2022;2022.
175. Verep U, Unal E, Oksüz S, Soy M, Önen F, Kiraz S. A new biopsychosocial questionnaire (BETY-BQ) for patients with ankylosing spondylitis. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2023;61:102267.
176. Bulut S, Karakaya J, Oksuz S, Kalyoncu U, Unal E. The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach: Biopsychosocial Questionnaire for patients with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology International. 2022;42(11):1973-81.
177. Kumbaroğlu F, Karakaya J, Apraş Bilgen Ş, Unal E. Determination of the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the BETY-biopsychosocial questionnaire in patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. JETR. 2021;8(1):90-8.
178. Zahid M, Unal E, Özdemir Işık Ö, Oksuz S, Karakaya J, Erguney Cefle A. The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach‐Biopsychosocial Questionnaire for patients with fibromyalgia. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2022;25(6):685-91.
179. Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1990;51(2):241-7.
180. Gerrior S, Juan W, Peter B. An easy approach to calculating estimated energy requirements. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2006;3(4).
181. Pekcan G. Beslenme durumunun saptanmasi. Diyet El Kitabi. 2008:67-141.
182. Goldstein DJ. Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 1992;16(6):397-415.
183. Merdol TK. Toplu beslenme yapılan kurumlar için standard yemek tarifleri: Hatipoğlu Yayınları; 2003.
184. Rakıcıoğlu N, Tek N, Ayaz A, Pekcan G. Yemek ve Besin Fotoğraf Kataloğu. Ölçü ve Miktarlar, yenilenmiş. 2012.
185. Dehne LI, Klemm C, Henseler G, Hermann-Kunz E. The German food code and nutrient data base (BLS II. 2). European Journal of Epidemiology. 1999;15:355-8.
186. Organization WH. Measuring obesity: classification and description of anthropometric data. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1989.
187. Organization WH. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008. 2011.
188. Assyov Y, Gateva A, Tsakova A, Kamenov Z. A comparison of the clinical usefulness of neck circumference and waist circumference in individuals with severe obesity. Endocrine Research. 2017;42(1):6-14.
189. Onat A, Hergenç G, Yüksel H, Can G, Ayhan E, Kaya Z, et al. Neck circumference as a measure of central obesity: associations with metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome beyond waist circumference. Clinical Nutrition. 2009;28(1):46-51.
190. Mease PJ. Measures of psoriatic arthritis: Tender and Swollen Joint Assessment, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI), Mander/Newcastle Enthesitis Index (MEI), Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesis Score (MASES), Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI), Patient Global for Psoriatic Arthritis, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQOL), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT‐F), Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC), Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Activity Index (PsAJAI), Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), and Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI). Arthritis Care & Research. 2011;63(S11):S64-S85.
191. Küçükdeveci AA, Sahin H, Ataman S, Griffiths B, Tennant A. Issues in cross‐cultural validity: Example from the adaptation, reliability, and validity testing of a Turkish version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Arthritis Care & Research. 2004;51(1):14-9.
192. Gossec L, de Wit M, Kiltz U, Braun J, Kalyoncu U, Scrivo R, et al. A patient-derived and patient-reported outcome measure for assessing psoriatic arthritis: elaboration and preliminary validation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire, a 13-country EULAR initiative. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2014;73(6):1012-9.
193. Duruoz M, Nas K, Ozgocmen S, Cerrahoglu L, Cevik R, Kosan U. Translation and validation of the Turkish version of the psoriatic arthritis quality of life questionnaire (PSAQOL). Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(Suppl. 3):699.
194. Coates LC, Fransen J, Helliwell PS. Defining minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: a proposed objective target for treatment. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2010;69(01):48-53.
195. Kocyigit H. Kisa Form-36 (KF-36)'nm Turkce versiyonunun guvenilirligi ve gecerliligi. Ilaç ve Tedavi Dergisi. 1999;12:102-6.
196. Merola JF, Tian H, Patil D, Richardson C, Scott A, Chen Y-H, et al. Incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis stratified by psoriasis disease severity: retrospective analysis of an electronic health records database in the United States. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2022;86(4):748-57.
197. Scott IC, Whittle R, Bailey J, Twohig H, Hider SL, Mallen CD, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis epidemiology in England from 2004 to 2020: An observational study using primary care electronic health record data. The Lancet Regional Health-Europe. 2022;23:100519.
198. Eder L, Widdifield J, Rosen CF, Cook R, Lee KA, Alhusayen R, et al. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in Ontario, Canada: a population‐based study. Arthritis Care & Research. 2019;71(8):1084-91.
199. Kalyoncu U, Bayindir Ö, Ferhat Öksüz M, Doğru A, Kimyon G, Tarhan EF, et al. The Psoriatic Arthritis Registry of Turkey: results of a multicentre registry on 1081 patients. Rheumatology. 2016:kew375.
200. Ayan G, Aydin SZ, Kimyon G, Ozisler C, Tinazzi I, Dogru A, et al. PsART-ID inception cohort: clinical characteristics, treatment choices and outcomes of patients with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2021;60(4):1755-62.
201. Ek S. Gender differences in health information behaviour: a Finnish population-based survey. Health Promotion International. 2015;30(3):736-45.
202. Ural D, Kılıçkap M, Göksülük H, Karaaslan D, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Özer N, et al. Data on prevalence of obesity and waist circumference in Turkey: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta regression of epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi: Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin Yayin Organidir. 2018;46(7):577-90.
203. Dai X, Gakidou E, Lopez AD. Evolution of the global smoking epidemic over the past half century: strengthening the evidence base for policy action. Tobacco Control. 2022;31(2):129-37.
204. Pezzolo E, Naldi L. The relationship between smoking, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 2019;15(1):41-8.
205. Pattison E, Harrison BJ, Griffiths CE, Silman AJ, Bruce IN. Environmental risk factors for the development of psoriatic arthritis: results from a case–control study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2008;67(5):672-6.
206. Gazel U, Ayan G, Solmaz D, Akar S, Aydin SZ. The impact of smoking on prevalence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2020;59(10):2695-710.
207. Tey HL, Ee HL, Tan AS, Theng TS, Wong SN, Khoo SW. Risk factors associated with having psoriatic arthritis in patients with cutaneous psoriasis. The Journal of Dermatology. 2010;37(5):426-30.
208. Nguyen U-SD, Zhang Y, Lu N, Louie-Gao Q, Niu J, Ogdie A, et al. Smoking paradox in the development of psoriatic arthritis among patients with psoriasis: a population-based study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2018;77(1):119-23.
209. Farisoğulları B, Yardımcı GK, Sarı A, Armağan B, Bilgin E, Bölek EÇ, et al. The influence of obesity on biological agents treatment response in psoriatic arthritis: HUR-BIO real life results. Journal of Turkish Society for Rheumatology. 2021;13(3).
210. Solmaz D, Kalyoncu U, Tinazzi I, Bakirci S, Bayindir O, Dogru A, et al. Current smoking is increased in axial psoriatic arthritis and radiographic sacroiliitis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2020;47(9):1354-8.
211. Tillett W, de-Vries C, McHugh NJ. Work disability in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatology. 2012;51(2):275-83.
212. Zhao SS, Nikiphorou E, Boonen A, López-Medina C, Dougados M, Ramiro S, editors. Association between individual and country-level socioeconomic factors and work participation in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: analysis of the ASAS-perSpA study. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism; 2021: Elsevier.
213. Duruöz MT, Gezer HH, Nas K, Kilic E, Sargin B, Acer Kasman S, et al. The impact of fatigue on patients with psoriatic arthritis: a multi-center study of the TLAR-network. Rheumatology International. 2020;40(11):1803-15.
214. Gudu T, Etcheto A, de Wit M, Heiberg T, Maccarone M, Balanescu A, et al. Fatigue in psoriatic arthritis–a cross-sectional study of 246 patients from 13 countries. Joint Bone Spine. 2016;83(4):439-43.
215. Karmacharya P, Chakradhar R, Ogdie A. The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis: A literature review. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2021;35(2):101692.
216. Wallenius M, Skomsvoll J, Koldingsnes W, Rødevand E, Mikkelsen K, Kaufmann C, et al. Work disability and health-related quality of life in males and females with psoriatic arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2009;68(5):685-9.
217. Polachek A, Li S, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Clinical enthesitis in a prospective longitudinal psoriatic arthritis cohort: incidence, prevalence, characteristics, and outcome. Arthritis Care & Research. 2017;69(11):1685-91.
218. Duruöz MT, Gezer HH, Nas K, Kılıç E, Sargın B, Kasman SA, et al. Gender-related differences in disease activity and clinical features in patients with peripheral psoriatic arthritis: A multi-center study. Joint Bone Spine. 2021;88(4):105177.
219. Bakirci S, Ayan G, Gazel U, Tinazzi I, Solmaz D, Kasapoglu E, et al. Patient characteristics and minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: a transcontinental comparison. Clinical Rheumatology. 2021;40:3169-74.
220. López-Medina C, Molto A, Sieper J, Duruöz T, Kiltz U, Elzorkany B, et al. Prevalence and distribution of peripheral musculoskeletal manifestations in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: results of the worldwide, cross-sectional ASAS-PerSpA study. RMD open. 2021;7(1):e001450.
221. Delmás ADV, Sanchez-Bilbao L, Calvo-Río V, Martínez-López D, Herrero-Morant A, Galíndez-Agirregoikoa E, et al. Uveitis in psoriatic arthritis: study of 406 patients in a single university center and literature review. RMD Open. 2023;9(1):e002781.
222. Abbouda A, Abicca I, Fabiani C, Scappatura N, Peña-García P, Scrivo R, et al. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis-related uveitis: different ophthalmological manifestations and ocular inflammation features. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2017;32(6):715-20.
223. Tarannum S, Leung Y-Y, Johnson SR, Widdifield J, Strand V, Rochon P, et al. Sex-and gender-related differences in psoriatic arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2022;18(9):513-26.
224. Langenbruch A, Radtke M, Krensel M, Jacobi A, Reich K, Augustin M. Nail involvement as a predictor of concomitant psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology. 2014;171(5):1123-8.
225. Cengiz G, Nas K, Keskin Y, Kılıç E, Sargin B, Acer Kasman S, et al. The impact of nail psoriasis on disease activity, quality of life, and clinical variables in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A cross‐sectional multicenter study. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2023;26(1):43-50.
226. Bostoen J, Van Praet L, Brochez L, Mielants H, Lambert J. A cross‐sectional study on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis compared to psoriatic arthritis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2014;28(4):507-11.
227. Van Gemert WA, May AM, Schuit AJ, Oosterhof BY, Peeters PH, Monninkhof EM. Effect of weight loss with or without exercise on inflammatory markers and adipokines in postmenopausal women: the SHAPE-2 trial, a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2016;25(5):799-806.
228. Melhem S, Steven S, Taylor R, Al-Mrabeh A. Effect of weight loss by low-calorie diet on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetes: an interventional cohort study. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1465.
229. Abou-Raya A, Abou-Raya S, Helmii M. OP0076 effect of exercise and dietary weight loss on symptoms and systemic inflammation in obese adults with psoriatic arthritis: randomized controlled trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2014;73(Suppl 2):89-90.
230. Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Adipocyte stress: the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolic disease. Journal of Lipid Research. 2007;48(9):1905-14.
231. Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Yannakoulia M, Chrysohoou C, Stefanadis C. The implication of obesity and central fat on markers of chronic inflammation: The ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis. 2005;183(2):308-15.
232. Ozcan U, Cao Q, Yilmaz E. Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science 2004; 306: 457-61. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2006;13(1):57.
233. Després J-P, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006;444(7121):881-7.
234. Ashwell M, Gibson S. Waist to height ratio is a simple and effective obesity screening tool for cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of data from the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of adults aged 19–64 years. Obesity Facts. 2009;2(2):97-103.
235. Bennasar-Veny M, Lopez-Gonzalez AA, Tauler P, Cespedes ML, Vicente-Herrero T, Yañez A, et al. Body adiposity index and cardiovascular health risk factors in Caucasians: a comparison with the body mass index and others. PloS One. 2013;8(5):e63999.
236. Mathew DE, Jayakaran JAJ, Hansdak SG, Iyadurai R. Cost effective and adaptable measures of estimation of visceral adiposity. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2023;23:101362.
237. Ke J-F, Wang J-W, Lu J-X, Zhang Z-H, Liu Y, Li L-X. Waist-to-height ratio has a stronger association with cardiovascular risks than waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2022;183:109151.
238. Campanati A, Molinelli E, Ganzetti G, Giuliodori K, Minetti I, Taus M, et al. The effect of low-carbohydrates calorie-restricted diet on visceral adipose tissue and metabolic status in psoriasis patients receiving TNF-alpha inhibitors: results of an open label controlled, prospective, clinical study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2017;28(3):206-12.
239. Miller GD, Jenks MZ, Vendela M, Norris JL, Muday GK. Influence of weight loss, body composition, and lifestyle behaviors on plasma adipokines: a randomized weight loss trial in older men and women with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Obesity. 2012;2012.
240. Ranganath VK, La Cava A, Vangala S, Brook J, Kermani TA, Furst DE, et al. Improved outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis with obesity after a weight loss intervention: randomized trial. Rheumatology. 2023;62(2):565-74.
241. Hsieh SD, Ashwell M, Muto T, Tsuji H, Arase Y, Murase T. Urgency of reassessment of role of obesity indices for metabolic risks. Metabolism. 2010;59(6):834-40.
242. Hsieh SD, Yoshinaga H. Do people with similar waist circumference share similar health risks irrespective of height? The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1999;188(1):55-60.
243. Wang X, Zhang N, Yu C, Ji Z. Evaluation of neck circumference as a predictor of central obesity and insulin resistance in Chinese adults. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2015;8(10):19107.
244. Liang J, Teng F, Li Y, Liu X, Zou C, Wang Y, et al. neck circumference and insulin resistance in Chinese adults: the Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese (CRC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9):e145.
245. Li H-X, Zhang F, Zhao D, Xin Z, Guo S-Q, Wang S-M, et al. Neck circumference as a measure of neck fat and abdominal visceral fat in Chinese adults. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1-7.
246. Pedreira PG, Pinheiro MM, Szejnfeld VL. Bone mineral density and body composition in postmenopausal women with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2011;13(1):1-7.
247. Thomsen RS, Nilsen TIL, Haugeberg G, Bye A, Kavanaugh A, Hoff M. Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular disease risk factors and body composition in psoriatic arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. RMD Open. 2018;4(2):e000729.
248. Ogunbode A, Fatiregun A, Ogunbode O. Health risks of obesity. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine. 2009;7(2):22-5.
249. Marks BL, Rippe JM. The importance of fat free mass maintenance in weight loss programmes. Sports Medicine. 1996;22:273-81.
250. Chaston TB, Dixon J, O'Brien PE. Changes in fat-free mass during significant weight loss: a systematic review. International Journal of Obesity. 2007;31(5):743-50.
251. Toms TE, Panoulas VF, Kitas GD. Dyslipidaemia in rheumatological autoimmune diseases. The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal. 2011;5:64.
252. Papagoras C, Markatseli TE, Saougou I, Alamanos Y, Zikou AK, Voulgari PV, et al. Cardiovascular risk profile in patients with spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81(1):57-63.
253. Stone NJ, Grundy SM. The 2018 AHA/ACC/Multi-Society Cholesterol guidelines: Looking at past, present and future. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019;62(5):375-83.
254. Esser N, Legrand-Poels S, Piette J, Scheen AJ, Paquot N. Inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2014;105(2):141-50.
255. Hutcheson J. Adipokines influence the inflammatory balance in autoimmunity. Cytokine. 2015;75(2):272-9.
256. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983;67(5):968-77.
257. Fleming RM. The effect of high‐, moderate‐, and low‐fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Preventive Cardiology. 2002;5(3):110-203.
258. Zuo L, He F, Tinsley GM, Pannell BK, Ward E, Arciero PJ. Comparison of high-protein, intermittent fasting low-calorie diet and heart healthy diet for vascular health of the obese. Frontiers in Physiology. 2016;7:350.
259. Esposito K, Pontillo A, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Masella M, Marfella R, et al. Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on vascular inflammatory markers in obese women: a randomized trial. Jama. 2003;289(14):1799-804.
260. Raitakari M, Ilvonen T, Ahotupa M, Lehtimäki T, Harmoinen A, Suominen P, et al. Weight reduction with very-low-caloric diet and endothelial function in overweight adults: role of plasma glucose. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004;24(1):124-8.
261. Madsen EL, Rissanen A, Bruun JM, Skogstrand K, Tonstad S, Hougaard DM, et al. Weight loss larger than 10% is needed for general improvement of levels of circulating adiponectin and markers of inflammation in obese subjects: a 3-year weight loss study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2008;158(2):179-87.
262. Due A, Toubro S, Stender S, Skov A, Astrup A. The effect of diets high in protein or carbohydrate on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2005;7(3):223-9.
263. Seshadri P, Iqbal N, Stern L, Williams M, Chicano KL, Daily DA, et al. A randomized study comparing the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet and a conventional diet on lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity. The American Journal of Medicine. 2004;117(6):398-405.
264. Tzotzas T, Evangelou P, Kiortsis D. Obesity, weight loss and conditional cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity Reviews. 2011;12(5):e282-e9.
265. Rahimi-Sakak F, Maroofi M, Rahmani J, Bellissimo N, Hekmatdoost A. Serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies of over a million participants. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2019;19(1):1-8.
266. Tsuruta N, Imafuku S, Narisawa Y. Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for psoriatic arthritis in psoriatic patients. The Journal of Dermatology. 2017;44(12):1349-52.
267. Tripolino C, Ciaffi J, Ruscitti P, Giacomelli R, Meliconi R, Ursini F. Hyperuricemia in psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Frontiers in Medicine. 2021;8:737573.
268. Hu SS, Lin CL, Tu HP. Association between psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and gout: a nationwide population‐based study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2019;33(3):560-7.
269. Felten R, Duret P-M, Gottenberg J-E, Spielmann L, Messer L. At the crossroads of gout and psoriatic arthritis:“psout”. Clinical Rheumatology. 2020;39:1405-13.
270. Merola JF, Wu S, Han J, Choi HK, Qureshi AA. Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and risk of gout in US men and women. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2015;74(8):1495-500.
271. Tsushima Y, Nishizawa H, Tochino Y, Nakatsuji H, Sekimoto R, Nagao H, et al. Uric acid secretion from adipose tissue and its increase in obesity. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2013;288(38):27138-49.
272. Kelley EE, Hock T, Khoo NK, Richardson GR, Johnson KK, Powell PC, et al. Moderate hypoxia induces xanthine oxidoreductase activity in arterial endothelial cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2006;40(6):952-9.
273. Terada LS, Guidot DM, Leff JA, Willingham IR, Hanley ME, Piermattei D, et al. Hypoxia injures endothelial cells by increasing endogenous xanthine oxidase activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1992;89(8):3362-6.
274. Cheung KJ, Tzameli I, Pissios P, Rovira I, Gavrilova O, Ohtsubo T, et al. Xanthine oxidoreductase is a regulator of adipogenesis and PPARγ activity. Cell Metabolism. 2007;5(2):115-28.
275. Lai TL, Yim CW, Wong PY, Leung MC, Ng WL. Hyperuricemia in Asian psoriatic arthritis patients. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2018;21(4):843-9.
276. Roa’A A, Polachek A, Ye JY, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Characteristic and outcome of psoriatic arthritis patients with hyperuricemia. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2018;45(2):213-7.
277. Puig JG, Fox IH. Ethanol-induced activation of adenine nucleotide turnover. Evidence for a role of acetate. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1984;74(3):936-41.
278. Faller J, Fox IH. Ethanol-induced hyperuricemia: evidence for increased urate production by activation of adenine nucleotide turnover. New England Journal of Medicine. 1982;307(26):1598-602.
279. Stibůrková B, Pavlíková M, Sokolová J, Kožich V. Metabolic syndrome, alcohol consumption and genetic factors are associated with serum uric acid concentration. PloS One. 2014;9(5):e97646.
280. Husni ME, Merola JF, Davin S, editors. The psychosocial burden of psoriatic arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism; 2017: Elsevier.
281. Lee S, Mendelsohn A, Sarnes E. The burden of psoriatic arthritis: a literature review from a global health systems perspective. Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2010;35(12):680.
282. Tezel N, Yilmaz Tasdelen O, Bodur H, Gul U, Kulcu Cakmak S, Oguz ID, et al. Is the health‐related quality of life and functional status of patients with psoriatic arthritis worse than that of patients with psoriasis alone? International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2015;18(1):63-9.
283. Michelsen B, Uhlig T, Sexton J, van der Heijde D, Hammer HB, Kristianslund EK, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis: data from the prospective multicentre NOR-DMARD study compared with Norwegian general population controls. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2018;77(9):1290-4.
284. Dalal DS, Lin YC, Brennan DM, Borkar N, Korman N, Husni ME, editors. Quantifying harmful effects of psoriatic diseases on quality of life: cardio-metabolic outcomes in psoriatic arthritis study (COMPASS). Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism; 2015: Elsevier.
285. Edson-Heredia E, Zhu B, Guo J, Maeda-Chubachi T, Lebwohl M. Disease burden and quality of life in psoriasis patients with and without comorbid psoriatic arthritis: results from National Psoriasis Foundation panel surveys. Cutis. 2015;95(3):173-8.
286. Bavière W, Deprez X, Houvenagel E, Philippe P, Deken V, Flipo R-M, et al. Association between comorbidities and quality of life in psoriatic arthritis: results from a multicentric cross-sectional study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2020;47(3):369-76.
287. Fragoulis GE, Evangelatos G, Tentolouris N, Fragkiadaki K, Panopoulos S, Konstantonis G, et al. Higher depression rates and similar cardiovascular comorbidity in psoriatic arthritis compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 2020;12:1759720X20976975.
288. Dures E, Hewlett S. Cognitive–behavioural approaches to self-management in rheumatic disease. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2012;8(9):553-9.
289. Golenbiewski JT, Pisetsky DS. A holistic approach to pain management in the rheumatic diseases. Current Treatment Options in Rheumatology. 2019;5:1-10.
290. Bradleyl L, Young L, Anderson K, Turner R, Agudelo C, McDaniel L, et al. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on rheumatoid arthritis pain behavior: one-year follow-up. Pain. 1987;30:S169.
291. Ünal E, Dizmek P. Romatoloji bilimi ve biyopsikososyal model. Ünal E, editör. 2014.
292. Tüfekçi M, Akdoğan A, Ünal E. POS1004-HPR Investigating the effects of cognitive exercise therapy approach on functioning, anxiety, depression and biopsychosocial status of individuals diagnosed with systemic sclerosis: a controlled pilot study. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2023.
293. Eder L, Compher C, Emandoilidis H, Quinn R, Gladman D, Chandran V, et al. AB1156 Metabolic disorders and abnormal dietary patterns and their association with psoriatic arthritis activity: the dietary intervention in psa (dipsa) study. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2023.
294. Bridgman AC, Qureshi AA, Li T, Tabung FK, Cho E, Drucker AM. Inflammatory dietary pattern and incident psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and atopic dermatitis in women: a cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2019;80(6):1682-90.
295. Gwinnutt JM, Wieczorek M, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Balanescu A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Boonen A, et al. Effects of diet on the outcomes of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs): Systematic review and meta-analyses informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for lifestyle improvements in people with RMDs. RMD Open. 2022;8(2):e002167.
296. Leite BF, Morimoto MA, Gomes C, Klemz BNdC, Genaro PdS, Damasceno NRT, et al. Higher bodily adiposity, fat intake, and cholesterol serum levels are associated with higher disease activity in psoriatic arthritis patients: is there a link among fat and skin and joint involvement? Lipids in Health and Disease. 2020;19(1):1-10.
297. Katsimbri P, Korakas E, Kountouri A, Ikonomidis I, Tsougos E, Vlachos D, et al. The effect of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of diet on psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis phenotype: nutrition as therapeutic tool? Antioxidants. 2021;10(2):157.
298. Dickinson S, Hancock DP, Petocz P, Ceriello A, Brand-Miller J. High–glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-κB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008;87(5):1188-93.
299. Liu S, Manson JE, Buring JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ridker PM. Relation between a diet with a high glycemic load and plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in middle-aged women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;75(3):492-8.
300. Neuhouser ML, Schwarz Y, Wang C, Breymeyer K, Coronado G, Wang C-Y, et al. A low-glycemic load diet reduces serum C-reactive protein and modestly increases adiponectin in overweight and obese adults. The Journal of Nutrition. 2012;142(2):369-74.
301. Bulló M, Casas R, Portillo M, Basora J, Estruch R, Garcia-Arellano A, et al. Dietary glycemic index/load and peripheral adipokines and inflammatory markers in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2013;23(5):443-50.
302. Edrisi F, Salehi M, Ahmadi A, Fararoei M, Rusta F, Mahmoodianfard S. Effects of supplementation with rice husk powder and rice bran on inflammatory factors in overweight and obese adults following an energy-restricted diet: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition. 2018;57:833-43.
303. Kantor ED, Lampe JW, Kratz M, White E. Lifestyle factors and inflammation: associations by body mass index. PloS One. 2013;8(7):e67833.
304. North C, Venter C, Jerling J. The effects of dietary fibre on C-reactive protein, an inflammation marker predicting cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009;63(8):921-33.
305. Shen G, Wu J, Ye B-C, Qi N. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of diseases. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 2021;2021.
306. Yao Y, Cai X, Fei W, Ye Y, Zhao M, Zheng C. The role of short-chain fatty acids in immunity, inflammation and metabolism. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022;62(1):1-12.
307. Vinolo MA, Rodrigues HG, Nachbar RT, Curi R. Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids. Nutrients. 2011;3(10):858-76.
308. Barrea L, Balato N, Di Somma C, Macchia PE, Napolitano M, Savanelli MC, et al. Nutrition and psoriasis: is there any association between the severity of the disease and adherence to the Mediterranean diet? Journal of translational medicine. 2015;13(1):1-10.
309. Yamashita H, Morita T, Ito M, Okazaki S, Koto M, Ichikawa Y, et al. Dietary habits in Japanese patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Low intake of meat in psoriasis and high intake of vitamin A in psoriatic arthritis. The Journal of dermatology. 2019;46(9):759-69.
310. Nguyen HD, Oh H, Kim M-S. An increased intake of nutrients, fruits, and green vegetables was negatively related to the risk of arthritis and osteoarthritis development in the aging population. Nutrition Research. 2022;99:51-65.
311. Choi HK. Dietary risk factors for rheumatic diseases. Current opinion in rheumatology. 2005;17(2):141-6.
312. Clinton CM, O'Brien S, Law J, Renier CM, Wendt MR. Whole-foods, plant-based diet alleviates the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Arthritis. 2015;2015.
313. Afifi L, Danesh MJ, Lee KM, Beroukhim K, Farahnik B, Ahn RS, et al. Dietary behaviors in psoriasis: patient-reported outcomes from a US national survey. Dermatology and therapy. 2017;7:227-42.
314. Lewandowska M, Dunbar K, Kassam S. Managing psoriatic arthritis with a whole food plant-based diet: a case study. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;15(4):402-6.
315. Craig WJ, Mangels AR. Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. Journal of the American dietetic association. 2009;109(7):1266.
316. Herbert D, Franz S, Popkova Y, Anderegg U, Schiller J, Schwede K, et al. High-fat diet exacerbates early psoriatic skin inflammation independent of obesity: saturated fatty acids as key players. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2018;138(9):1999-2009.
317. Schwartz EA, Zhang W-Y, Karnik SK, Borwege S, Anand VR, Laine PS, et al. Nutrient modification of the innate immune response: a novel mechanism by which saturated fatty acids greatly amplify monocyte inflammation. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2010;30(4):802-8.
318. Nakamizo S, Honda T, Adachi A, Nagatake T, Kunisawa J, Kitoh A, et al. High fat diet exacerbates murine psoriatic dermatitis by increasing the number of IL-17-producing γδ T cells. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1):14076.
319. Shi Z, Wu X, Rocha CS, Rolston M, Garcia-Melchor E, Huynh M, et al. Short-term Western diet intake promotes IL-23‒mediated skin and joint inflammation accompanied by changes to the gut microbiota in mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2021;141(7):1780-91.
320. Shi Z, Wu X, Yu S, Huynh M, Jena PK, Nguyen M, et al. Short-Term Exposure to a Western Diet Induces Psoriasiform Dermatitis by Promoting Accumulation of IL-17A–Producing γδ T Cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2020;140(9):1815-23.
321. Suganami T, Tanimoto-Koyama K, Nishida J, Itoh M, Yuan X, Mizuarai S, et al. Role of the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway in saturated fatty acid–induced inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2007;27(1):84-91.
322. Barrea L, Macchia PE, Tarantino G, Di Somma C, Pane E, Balato N, et al. Nutrition: A key environmental dietary factor in clinical severity and cardio-metabolic risk in psoriatic male patients evaluated by 7-day food-frequency questionnaire. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2015;13(1):1-10.
323. Rambod M, Nazarinia M, Raieskarimian F. The impact of dietary habits on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study. Clinical Rheumatology. 2018;37:2643-8.
324. Pattison DJ, Symmons DP, Lunt M, Welch A, Luben R, Bingham SA, et al. Dietary risk factors for the development of inflammatory polyarthritis: evidence for a role of high level of red meat consumption. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2004;50(12):3804-12.
325. Benito-Garcia E, Feskanich D, Hu FB, Mandl LA, Karlson EW. Protein, iron, and meat consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2007;9:1-8.
326. He J, Wang Y, Feng M, Zhang X, Jin Y-B, Li X, et al. Dietary intake and risk of rheumatoid arthritis—a cross section multicenter study. Clinical Rheumatology. 2016;35:2901-8.
327. Kashani A, Moludi J, Lateef Fateh H, Tandorost A, Jafari-Vayghan H, Dey P. Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to psoriasis risk, cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical outcomes: a case-control study in psoriasis patients. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2021;46(12):1517-24.
328. Leite BF, Morimoto MA, Gomes CM, Klemz BN, Genaro PS, Shivappa N, et al. Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: The dieta trial. Advances in Rheumatology. 2022;62(1):1-12.
329. Gotsis E, Anagnostis P, Mariolis A, Vlachou A, Katsiki N, Karagiannis A. Health benefits of the Mediterranean diet: an update of research over the last 5 years. Angiology. 2015;66(4):304-18.
330. Rosillo MA, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Aparicio-Soto M, Villegas I, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Dietary extra-virgin olive oil prevents inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in murine collagen-induced arthritis. European Journal of Nutrition. 2016;55:315-25.
331. Caso F, Navarini L, Carubbi F, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Chimenti MS, Tasso M, et al. Mediterranean diet and Psoriatic Arthritis activity: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Rheumatology International. 2020;40(6):951-8.
332. Park M, Li W, Paek S, Li X, Wu S, Li T, et al. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of incident psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from the Nurses’ Health Study II. British Journal of Dermatology. 2017;177(1):302-6.
333. Dyall SC, Balas L, Bazan NG, Brenna JT, Chiang N, da Costa Souza F, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators: Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions. Progress in Lipid Research. 2022;86:101165.
334. Garbicz J, Całyniuk B, Górski M, Buczkowska M, Piecuch M, Kulik A, et al. Nutritional therapy in persons suffering from psoriasis. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):119.
335. Pischon T, Hankinson SE, Hotamisligil GkS, Rifai N, Willett WC, Rimm EB. Habitual dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in relation to inflammatory markers among US men and women. Circulation. 2003;108(2):155-60.
336. Innes JK, Calder PC. Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 2018;132:41-8.
337. Baran A, Kiluk P, Myśliwiec H, Flisiak I. The role of lipids in psoriasis. Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny. 2017;104(6):619-35.
