TÜRKİYE’NİN 2009-2016 YILLARI ARASINDAKİ HAVA KALİTESİ VERİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

The increase in the use of fossil resources, urbanization and large proportion of the population live in cities and also topographical and meteorological conditions of the cities according to the incorrect positioning are causing increasing changes in the composition of the atmosphere. WHO defines air pollution as a change in the natural properties of the atmosphere by any physical, chemical or biological agent and is described as an important determinant of health. Large number of reactions and metabolic events occurs in the body because of these reactions in order to use oxygen the person also inhales other gases in the air. According to WHO limits, 9/10 in the world are exposed to high levels of pollutants with concentrations above the levels considered harmful to health. The adverse effects of the air pollution have wide range of effects. Many countries around the world, people living in urban areas are particularly affected by the problems same as in our country. It is understood that about 60 million people are inevitably exposed to air pollution when considering the urban population which reaches to 73.9% according to TURKSTAT 2016 data. Air quality data is monitored to prevent, reduce the harmful effects of air pollution on the environment and human health. National and international legislation focus on minimize the negative impact of air pollution. In our country, air quality data is monitoring with network in an efficient manner by establishing 8 Clean Air Centers. Considering the increasing number of stations in the scope of the study, the data of 210 air quality monitoring stations were taken as basis. The data sets were grouped by parameters and included in the study with a 75% occupancy rate. Air quality was assessed according to the HKDY, EU and WHO limits, and the changes observed over time and the differences between regions were examined to determine the regions where the air quality had the highest effect on health. Air quality monitoring data can be used to estimate past and present air pollution-induced exposures of the target population living near the monitoring site. iv AirQ+ is a software tool developed by WHO, aims to assess health impacts of long or short exposure to air pollution in the environment by addressing air pollutant parameters. In this study, possible health effects that may occur in the polluted regions in the parameter basis based on the obtained data are tried to be revealed with AirQ+, one of the internationally accepted software tools. It is expected that the incidence of chronic bronchitis in the current situation will be reduced 60.5% with adaptation to the EU limits for Mus station and 28.2% for Turkey. The number of infant mortality after the newborn period and the frequency of recurrent bronchitis in children among are long-term health effects that will decrease 31.9% and 29.9%, as an short term effect asthmatic symptoms of children will be decrease 32,5%, if it comply with the WHO limits, it will decrease to ratio of four times the existing attributable rate.