Pierre Gavinies’in 24 Etüdünün Keman Tekniğine Katkıları
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2024-03-15Author
Erden, Zeynep İlayda
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Etudes are basic materials that contribute to the technical development of performers
and are also important for the development of musical skills. They have an important
function in the instrument training of performers with the technical and musical
elements they contain. In violin education, in order to ensure the synchronization of
right and left hand technique, etude and piece analyses should be performed
separately in the right and left hand, and a working model that identifies technical
difficulties should be created, which will help the etude to be interpreted musically
and technically correctly (Delikara, 2013).
The 24 etudes for solo violin prepared by the 18th century violinist and composer
Pierre Gavinies (1728-1800), described as the "Tartini of the French" by the famous
Italian violin virtuoso Giovanni Battista Viotti (1755-1824), contain important
technical studies that will contribute to the right and left hand development of violin
players. It is assumed that this work, which started the "twenty-four etude collection"
movement, was written in 1794 and is known to have been published around 1800. P.
Gavinies named his etudes "matinee". This word of French origin means daytime.
Therefore, it is thought that P. Gavinies emphasized that these etudes should be
studied in the morning (Cottin-Rack, 2007). Marie K Stolba (1919-2005) believes
that these etudes are technically designed to improve left hand flexibility and bow
control. (Stolba, 1979).
P. Gavinies' 24 etudes are closer to the caprice form than to the etude in that they are
written in a free form and improvisatory character. The caprice form is a piece of
music with a very free and lively character. Etudes are usually written in lively
tempos and contain flowing and melodic elements. The string skips, various string
bindings, string transitions and left hand extension movements applied in most of the
passages in the etudes present violin players with different technical challenges
written for the right and left hand at the same time. The Gavinies etudes present not
only technical challenges but also melodic structures. There is also an edition of the
Gavinies 24 etudes for 2 violins in duet form. The French composer Henri Marteau
(1874-1934) composed a 2nd violin accompaniment to P. Gavinies' 24 etudes. The
work was published in 1909 in the Steingraber Verlag edition.