Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Yönelimlerinin “Kariyer Dünyası Haritası” Üzerinde Karma Desenle İncelenmesi: Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Örneği

Abstract

The current study that was based on Holland’s theory (1997) aimed to develop a visual mapping method (World of Career Map) on ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) grouping basis. It is hoped that this study will help psychological counsellors while interpreting assessment results of clients’ vocational interests and abilities before choosing a college major. First study group consisted of 21 participants from psycholocigal counselling and guidance field with whom the researcher had in-depth interviews. Second group had seven experts on educational majors and Holland’s theory (1997) while the last group consisted of 529 college students from 10 different majors of ISCED basic fields. Quantitative data was collected with a survey developed by researcher and Personal Globe Inventory – Short Form (PGI-SF) developed by Tracey (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Vardarlı (2014). Also a semi-structured interview protocol was used during interviews. Expert opinions were collected while developing World of Career Map and 26 ISCED basic educational majors were mapped in the light of vocational interest and ability scores. In the third study group PGI-SF and Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) were used to determine college majors’ positions on map. Qualitative findings only included psycholocigal counselling and guidance major and were discussed in combination with quantitative findings. As a result most college majors were found in theoretically (Prediger’s D/I-T/P dimensions & Holland’s typological explanations) congruent positions on World of Career Map. Yet some discrepancies were found, especially in Conventional and Realistic types. This finding was interpreted as a result of RIASEC types’ and ISCED fields’ definitions being arbitrary and broad. Another finding showed that practical major choices of current college students do not match with the theoritical assumption that vocational interests and abilities are the main factors when choosing a major. Two dimensional solution of the college students’ vocational interests and abilities showed poor stress levels in MDS. Using qualitative findings, psychological counsellors’ vocational interests, abilities and skills and relevant factors for achievement and satisfaction were conceptualised as a result of being in a congruent environment (selected major) with their RIASEC types. Miller’s (1985) mapping system and C index (Brown and Gore, 1994) were also exemplified and discussed on World of Career Map for future use by psychological counsellors.