Fındık ve Susam Alerjisi Gelişiminde Çevresel Fındık ve Susam Alerjenlerine Maruziyetin Etkisi
Özet
Background: Hazelnut and sesame allergy are some of the most common food allergies in early childhood along with milk and egg allergy in our society. Hazelnut and sesame are the foods that are consumed directly and within the other foods in our country. Due to being frequent and frequently consumption in society, exposure control is difficult for patients diagnosed with allergies. The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of antigen exposed as a possible risk factor in the development of these allergies.
Material and methods: Patients with hazelnut and sesame allergy who were newly diagnosed and followed up in Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy between 2021 and 2022, and patients without food allergy for the control group were included in the study. Dust samples representing environmental exposure were collected from patients' homes. Hazelnut and sesame antigen amounts were determined from these dust samples using the ELISA method. Detected antigen amounts were evaluated using statistical methods.
Results: In the hazelnut group 57 and in sesame group 63 house dust samples were examined. It was observed that hazelnut antigens in the dust samples of the newly diagnosed group were statistically significant (p=0.006) between the newly diagnosed and control groups in the hazelnut allergy group, as μg/ml. When the antigen positivity rates in dust samples in the hazelnut allergy group were examined, a statistically significant difference (p=0.0036 and p=0.0014) was found between the newly diagnosed and follow-up groups and between the newly diagnosed and control groups in terms of positivity in house dust, with more positive samples in the new diagnosis. In the sesame allergy group, there was a statistically significant (p=0.001) difference between the follow-up and control groups in terms of μg/ml of sesame antigens in the dust samples. A statistically significant difference was found between the newly diagnosed and follow-up groups in the sesame allergy group in terms of positivity ratio in house dust, with more positivity ratio in the new diagnosis (p=0.004). When the presence of antigen in the house dust between the follow-up and control groups in the sesame allergy group was evaluated, more positivity in the control group was found to be statistically significant (p= 0.001). When the presence of antigen in the house dust between the follow-up and control groups in the sesame allergy group was evaluated, more positivity in the control group was found to be statistically significant (p= 0.001). Antigen amounts in sesame and hazelnut powder were compared. It was determined that there was a higher amount of antigen in the sesame samples, which was statistically significant (p = <0.0001). Positive detection of antigen amounts in sesame and hazelnut powder were investigated. It was determined that there was a higher amount of positivity in sesame samples, which was statistically significant (p=<0.0001). The average amount of hazelnut antigen in dusts in Turkish children's homes was 0.341 µg/ml, and the median was 0 µg/ml. The mean amount of sesame antigen in dusts in Turkish children's homes was found to be 3.186 µg/ml, with a median of 1.2 µg/ml.
Conclusion: In our study, the amounts of hazelnut and sesame antigens in Turkish children's homes were found. Relationships between newly diagnosed, follow-up and control groups were examined.
