9.Yüzyılın Sonu ve 20. Yüzyılın Başlarında Azerbaycan'da Milli Fikriyatın Gelişimi

Abstract

"Development Period of National Intellectuals in Azerbaijan Turks" is a significant historical event in Azerbaijani historiography, thus it is also one of the main research areas today. During the 19th century, the North Azerbaijani Turks, who lived under the colonization of Tsarist Russia, experienced a renaissance period in terms of national culture in many aspects of life. This development process was the last stage of the development of national thought in Azerbaijan Turks in the late 19th and early 20th century. One of the reasons for the political-philosophical views that emerged and developed under the influence of national feelings is the window opening to the Western World through Russia, on the other hand, the oppressive national, religious, monarchy, colonial politics implemented by this country. Against these pressures, Azerbaijani youth, who returned to their homeland after studying in different major universities of Russia and Europe, started the national movement as the founding fathers of the emerging national thought and successfully guided it. On this occasion, intellectuals who were aware of the fact that their own nation fell behind the modern nations of Europe, brought many cultural innovations to their homeland, such as the worldly education system, newspapers, magazines, theaters, libraries, operas, literary-scientific-social associations, in order to keep up with them. Such national social activities have reacted to the emergence of national bourgeoisie and national-minded political organizations in Azerbaijan Turks. As a result of all these activities, on May 28 of 1918, the first national and basic democratic Republic of Azerbaijan emerged in the Turkish-Islamic world. In our thesis, we have tried to investigate all aspects of the history of national political ideas, which has passed through a difficult historical process, and which has national feelings and basic democratic rights, and which has created the Western model of the Eastern Republic.