Türkiye'de Yaşayan Sığınmacıların Üçüncü Ülke Bekleme Sürecinde Yaşadıkları Sorunların "İnsan Hakları" Açısından Analizi- Van İli Örneği

Abstract

When people's lives have been in danger since the beginning of history, they have migrated to seek shelter elsewhere to escape this danger and protect their lives. In this respect, migration brings with it a process in which the physical space of the person changes, but also experiences or has to experience many changes, sometimes leading to traumatic results. Violation of the rights that people have from birth, the usurpation of the rights necessary for a person to continue his life as an honorable individual, or various violations of rights force people to leave their places, thus making them subjects of migration. This process, which can start with internal migration, sometimes manifests itself as external migration, leading to the emergence of concepts such as asylum seeker and refugee in the international literature. Although the rights of asylum seekers and refugees are tried to be protected with international law, international conventions and some documents, it can be said that people who have to migrate do not have equal rights with the citizens, and they frequently encounter rights violations. In this respect, asylum seekers and refugees who can go to the country of asylum and finally to the countries they want to become citizens through different ways may be deprived of state protection or have to struggle with different problems. In this context, the legal legislation of the state of asylum and the nature and practices of the international agreements to which the said state is a party are important. In this respect, Turkey, which is a party to the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Legal Status of Refugees by placing a geographical restriction, does not accept refugees from its east. With the Law on Foreigners and International Protection enacted in 2013, along with various regulations and circulars, the refugee law has been regulated by legal regulations. With its current state, Turkey grants international protection status to asylum seekers from outside Syria, but does not pave the way for citizenship. This is one of the factors that cause asylum seekers coming to Turkey to turn to a third country. In this respect, Van, which is one of the important transit routes for non-syrian refugees, hosts refugees from different countries, including Iran, Afghanistan and Iraq. Asylum seekers who are subject to International Protection face different problems while they wait to be resettled in a third country, and the prolongation of the waiting period for different reasons brings along a new and challenging process for asylum seekers. In this thesis, the problems experienced by the Iranian, Afghan and Iraqi nationals under international protection residing in Van during the third country resettlement process are determined and discussed in terms of human rights.