Kronik Periodontiti Olan Hastalarda Kanser İnsidansının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Previous studies have noted possible associations between periodontitis and the risk of various cancers, particularly head and neck cancers, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the differences in the design of such studies with respect to the definition of periodontal disease (self-reported data by the patients vs. dentist diagnosed), adjustment for confounding factors, and constitution of study groups lead to variations in the results. We herein assessed cancer risk in a cohort of patients with severe periodontitis and we compared the age- and gender-standardized incidence rates with corresponding figures from Turkish National Cancer Registry (TNCR). Patients diagnosed with severe periodontitis by an experienced periodontist team between 2002 and 2009 were identified from the hospital registry. Data on the diagnosis of any cancer after periodontitis were collected from patient files and oncology hospital registries where available. Patients younger than 35 years of age and those with a prior cancer diagnosis were excluded. TNCR 2013 data were used for age- and gender-specific incidence rates. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated by dividing the number of observed cases by the number of expected cases. A total of 280 patients with severe periodontitis were included. Median age was 49.6 and 54% of the cases were females. Median follow-up was 12 years. Twenty-five new cancer cases were observed on follow-up. The most common cancer was breast cancer in females (5/13 patients) and prostate, lung and hematological cancers (each in 3/12 patients) in males. Patients with periodontitis had 77% increased risk of cancer compared with the expected counts at the corresponding age and sex group. (SIR 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.58, p=0.004). Women with periodontitis had significantly higher risk of breast cancer (SIR 2.4, 95% CI 0.88-5.33) and men with periodontitis had significantly higher risk of prostate cancer (SIR 3.75, 95% CI 0.95-10.21) and hematological cancers (SIR 6.97, 95% CI 1.77-18.98). Although showing a casual association necessitates further investigation, our results support that severe periodontitis increased the risk of hematological cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.