Bolu İli Ballarının Orijini ve Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Honey is a natural product characterized by its complex composition, which varies according to the flower source, bee species, and the region that produced. In general, honey categorized according to its plant source as monofloral (most of the honey produced from a single plant species) and polyfloral (honey produced with the contributions of different plants). The objective of this research is to determine the botanical origins and the characteristic features of honey produced in the province of Bolu in the Western Black Sea Region. For this purpose, in 2019, 57 honey samples representing the region were obtained from 9 different districts, including the Central district of the province, and melissopalynological and physicochemical analyzes were carried out. As a concequences of melissopalynological analysis, pollen of 51 taxa belonging to 31 families were identified in the samples. In the examined samples, Rosaceae (98%), Fabaceae (89%), Trifolium spp. (89%), Onobrychis spp. (86%), Brassicaceae (79%), Astragalus spp. (75%), Echium vulgare (74%), Hedysarum spp. (70%), Ranunculaceae (60%), Lamiaceae (53%), Salix spp. (51%) were determined as the most commen taxa. When the samples were analysed according to their pollen concentrations, it was determined that 15 samples can be categorized as monofloral. The total number of pollen (TPS10) in 10 g honey, was determined as a mean 53,253 with a minimum value of 3,808 and a maximum of 965,124. As a result of the physicochemical analyzes, the mean values of the samples were were determined as moisture 16.66% ±1.48%, pH 3.61 ± 0.18, Fructose / Glucose 1.33 ± 0.99, Fructose + Glucose 71.59 ± 8.71, proline 469.56 ± 233.39 mg/kg, total phenolic content 127.27 ± 0.15 mg GAE/kg and total flavonoid substance content 125.16 ± 0.001 mg CE/kg. The results of DPPH and CUPRAC analyzes performed to examine the antioxidant capacity of the samples were determined as 0.0025 ± 0.0003 mmol torolox/g and 0.0021 ± 0.0001 mmol torolox/g, respectively. CIELAB color parameters were used for color analysis and results were expressed as L*, a* and b* coordinates. Chroma and hue angle values were calculated and the results were determined as a mean value respectively L* 61.40 ± 10.81, a* 15.87 ± 7.88, b* 64.93 ± 13.95. It was determined that most of the local honeys tended to be light colored, red and yellow tones