Composting of Food Waste and Effects of Additives
| dc.contributor.advisor | Uğurlu, Ayşenur | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ermiş, Dilşad Elif | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-12-26T10:23:26Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2018 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11655/5484 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The present study examine the composting of food waste collected from canteens in two pilot scale reactors. The role of additives lime, zeolite and sawdust were also examined on the compost maturity. The studies were conducted with different combinations of real food waste and additives. It was observed that the role of additives were not significant with the food waste used. Due to specific problems related to food waste composting (high moisture and lipid content) the studies were also conducted with synthetically prepared food waste. The food waste was mixed with grass in order to provide a proper C/N ratio. The use of compost for the growth of plants was tested. In order to evaluate the quality of compost seed germination test was operated to examine the toxicity of compost. The results showed that the stable matured compost obtained was useful for the plant growth. | tr_TR |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ İ ÖZET ................................................................................................................................................. İİ CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................... İV TABLE CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... Vİ FIGURE CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... Vİİ 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. COMPOST ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1.History of Composting ....................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2.Composting Types ............................................................................................................ 2 1.1.2.1.Inactive Pile Composting .......................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2.2.Transferred Pile Composting .................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2.3.Aerated Statically Pile Composting ........................................................................................... 6 1.1.2.4.Composting in Closed Reactor ................................................................................................. 6 1.1.2.4.1.Piston-flow Vertical Reactor............................................................................................... 6 1.1.2.4.2.Piston-flow Horizontal Tank ............................................................................................... 6 1.1.2.4.3.Silo Type Reactor .............................................................................................................. 6 1.1.2.4.4.Horizontal Rotary Drum Reactor ........................................................................................ 7 1.1.2.4.5.Horizontal and Open Rectangular Tank ............................................................................ 7 1.1.2.4.6.Mixing Vertical Reactor ...................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2.4.7.Mixing Rectangular Beds ................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2.4.8.Vermicomposting ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1.3.Comparing the Composting Systems ................................................................................ 8 1.1.4.Compost Quality ................................................................................................................ 8 1.2.PARAMETERS ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1.Moisture ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2.Temperature .................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.3.pH ................................................................................................................................... 13 1.2.4.Aeration (Oxygen) ........................................................................................................... 13 1.2.5.Total Organic Matter (TOM) ............................................................................................ 14 1.2.6.Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ........................................................................................... 14 1.2.7.Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio ..................................................................................................... 15 2.MATERIALS AND METHODS...................................................................................................... 16 2.1.ADDİTİVES ............................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.1.Zeolite .............................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.2.Lime ................................................................................................................................ 16 2.1.3.Gypsum ........................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.4.Sawdusts ......................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.5.Grass Cuttings ................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.COMPOSTİNG PROCESS ............................................................................................................ 17 2.2.1.Food Wastes ................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2.Laboratory Scaled Reactor .............................................................................................. 19 2.3.COMPOSTİNG STUDİES ............................................................................................................. 21 2.3.1.Real Food Waste ............................................................................................................. 21 2.3.2.Synthetical Food Waste .................................................................................................. 23 2.4. MONİTORİNG AND MEASUREMENT............................................................................................. 24 2.4.1.Monitoring Parameters .................................................................................................... 24 v 2.4.1.1.Oxygen (O2) ............................................................................................................................ 24 2.4.1.2.Temperature (ToC) .................................................................................................................. 24 2.4.1.3.pH .......................................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.1.4.Humidity (moisture amount) .................................................................................................... 24 2.4.1.5.Total Organic Matter (TOM) .................................................................................................... 25 2.4.1.6.Seed Germination and Toxicity ............................................................................................... 25 3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 27 3.1.SET 1 STUDİES ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.SET 2 STUDİES ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.SET 3 STUDİES (BATCH STUDİES) ............................................................................................. 31 3.4.SET 4 STUDİES ......................................................................................................................... 33 3.5.SET 5 STUDİES ......................................................................................................................... 36 3.6.SET 6 STUDİES ......................................................................................................................... 37 3.6.1.Seed Germination Index (GI) .......................................................................................... 39 3.7.DİSCUSSİONS ........................................................................................................................... 43 4.CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................... 45 | tr_TR |
| dc.language.iso | en | tr_TR |
| dc.publisher | Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü | tr_TR |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | tr_TR |
| dc.subject | Compost | tr_TR |
| dc.subject | Food waste | |
| dc.subject | Seed germination | |
| dc.title | Composting of Food Waste and Effects of Additives | tr_TR |
| dc.title.alternative | Gıda Atıklarının Kompostlaştırılması ve Katkı Maddelerinin Etkisi | tr_TR |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | tr_TR |
| dc.description.ozet | Bu çalışma kantinlerden alınan yemek atıklarının pilot ölçekli iki reaktörde kompostlaştırılmasını incelemektedir. Kireç, zeolit ve talaş gibi katkı maddelerinin de olgun bir kompost elde etmekteki rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışmalar gerçek yemek atıkları ve katkı maddelerinin farklı kombinasyonlarda oluşturulmasıyla yürütülmüştür. Katkı maddelerinin kullanılan yemek atıklarına önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Yemek atıklarının kompostlaştırılması ile ilgili belirli bazı problemlere bağlı olarak (yüksek nem oranı ve yağ içeriği), çalışmalar ayrıca sentetik olarak hazırlanmış yemek atıklarıyla yürütülmüştür. Uygun bir C/N oranı elde edebilmek için yemek atıkları çim ile karıştırılmıştır. Kompost bitki yetiştirmede test edilmiştir. Kompost kalitesini değerlendirmek için tohum çimlendirme (seed germination) testi kompost toksisitesini hesaplamada kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki elde edilen kararlı olgun kompost bitki yetiştirmek için uygundur. | tr_TR |
| dc.contributor.department | Çevre Mühendisliği | tr_TR |
| dc.contributor.authorID | 10217169 | tr_TR |
| dc.embargo.terms | Acik erisim | tr_TR |
