Özet
The present study examine the composting of food waste collected from canteens
in two pilot scale reactors. The role of additives lime, zeolite and sawdust were
also examined on the compost maturity. The studies were conducted with different
combinations of real food waste and additives. It was observed that the role of
additives were not significant with the food waste used. Due to specific problems
related to food waste composting (high moisture and lipid content) the studies
were also conducted with synthetically prepared food waste. The food waste was
mixed with grass in order to provide a proper C/N ratio. The use of compost for the
growth of plants was tested. In order to evaluate the quality of compost seed
germination test was operated to examine the toxicity of compost. The results
showed that the stable matured compost obtained was useful for the plant growth.
Künye
[1] http://www.turkeycomposts.org/dosya/kaynaklar/Belediyeler_Icin_Kompost_
Rehberi.pdf, 2018.
[2] http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/engineer/facts/05-023.htm 2018.
[3] https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/3527316043_c01.pdf 2018.
[4] http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/odyssey.mb.txt 2018.
[5] Compost Hand Book, Technical Book Series 1, İSTAÇ.
[6] Misra, R. V., "On-Farm Composting Methods", Land and Water Discussion
Paper 2, Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations, Rome,
2003 .
[7] Varank. G., "Aerobik Olarak Stabilize Edilmiş Katı Atıklar İle Kompost
Ürününün Karşılaştırılması", Master of Science Thesis: Yıldız Technical
University,p. 69, 2006.
[8] Brain, R., Waldbillig, H., "Vermicomposting", Utah State University,
Extension Sustainability, 2012.
[9] Cerda, A., Artola, A., Font, X., Barrena, R., Gea, T., Sánchez, A.,
"Composting of Food Wastes: Status and Challenges", Elsevier,
Bioresource Technology, p. 57, 2017.
[10] Yücel, M.: "Composting Of Municipal Sewage Sludge Using Semifermented
Solid Waste And Grass Cuttings", Master of Science Thesis: Dokuz Eylül
University, 2006.
[11] Işık, T., "Comparative evaluation of different composting technologies for
municipal solid wastes in İstanbul", Master of Science Thesis, İstanbul
Technical University, 2009.
[12] Binici, M. S.: "Composting Of Cattle Manure", Master of Science Thesis:
Marmara University, 2011.
[13] Chan, M.T., Selvam, A., Wong, J.W.C., "Reducing nitrogen loss and salinity
during 'struvite' food waste composting by zeolite amendment", Elsevier,
Bioresource Technology, vol. 200, p. 840, 2015.
[14] http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/farm-management/recycling-andwaste-
management/composting-spoiled-hay. 2018.
[15] Sundberg, C., "Food Waste Composting - Effects of Heat, Acids and Size",
Licentiate Thesis, Lantbruks Universitet, p. 14, 2003.
[16] Kalemelawa, F., Nishihara, E., Endo, T., Ahmad, Z., Yeasmin, R., Tenywa,
M. M., Yamamoto, S., "An Evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic composting
of banana peels treated with different inoculums for soil nutrient
replenishment", Elsevier, Bioresource Technology, p. 381, 2012.
[17] Chen, L., de Haro Marti, M., Moore, A., Falen, C., "The Composting
Process", https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis1179.pdf , 2018.
[18] Li, Z., Lu, H., Ren, L., He, L., "Experimental and Modeling Approaches for
Food Waste Composting", Elsevier, Chemosphere, p. 1250, 2013.
[19] Chan, M.T., Selvam, A., Wong, J.W.C., "Reducing nitrogen loss and salinity
during 'struvite' food waste composting by zeolite amendment", Elsevier,
Bioresource Technology, vol. 200, p. 840, 2015.
[20] Thorp, J., "Soil Survey (Reconnaissance) of St. Croix Island Virgin Islands",
Technical Bulletin, 315, p. 21, 1932.
48
[21] Topçu, N., "Lahana Atıklarının Kompostlanması Ve Elde Edilen Kompostun
Toprakta Parçalanma Süreci", Master of Science Thesis, Fırat University, p.
5, 2006.
[22] Bayer, Y., "Ayrı Toplamanın Kompostlaştırma Üzerinde Etkisi", Master of
Science Thesis, Yıldız Technical University, 2008.
[23] Richard, T.L., "Municipal Solid Waste Composting: Biological Processing",
Fact Sheet 2 of 7, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,
Cornell University, 2014.
[24] Gençsoy, E.B., "Farklı Katkı Maddelerinin Kompost Kalitesi Üzerine
Etkileri", PhD. Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, p. 51, 2010.
[25] Tanuğur, I., "Besi Tavuğu Kümes Atıklarının Farklı Katkı Malzemeleriyle
Aerobik Kompostlaştırılması", Master of Science Thesis, Istanbul Technical
University, 2009.
[26] Strauch, D., Ballarini, G., "Hygienic aspects of the production and
agricultural use of animal wastes", Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B., 41 pp. 176-
228, 1994.
[27] İnce, O., Özbayram, G., Akyol, Ç., İnce, Ö., İnce, B., "Composting practice
for sustainable waste management: a case study in İstanbul", Desalination
and Water Treatment, 2016.
[28] Warman, P.,R., "Evaluation of Seed Germination and Growth Tests for
Assessing Compost Maturity", Compost Science and Utilization, vol. 7,
p.33, 1999.
[29] Raj, D., Antil, R., S., "Evaluation of maturity and stability parameters of
composts prepared from agro-industrial wastes", Elsevier, Bioresource
Technology, p. 2872, 2010.
[30] J., A., Otadoh, S., A., Okoth, J., O. and J., P., Kahindi, "Assessment
of Trichoderma isolates for virulence efficacy on Fusarium oxysporum F. sp.
Phaseoli", Scielo, Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol. 13, 2010.
[31] Zhang, H., Li, G., Gu, J., Wang, G., Li, Y., Zhang, D., "Influence of aeration
on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and NH3 emissions during aerobic
composting of kitchen waste", Elsevier, Waste Management, p. 371, 2016.
[32] Mitelut, A., C., Popa, M., E., "Seed germination bioassay for toxicity
evaluation of different composting biodegradable materials", Romanian
Biotechnological Letters, vol. 16, 2011.
