Aljinat-Halloysit Biyokompozitlere Ciprofloxacin Yüklenmesi, Salımı Ve Adsorpsiyonunun İncelenmesi

Abstract

In this thesis, biocomposite HLT-ALJ is loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic by adding halloysite (HLT) and alginate (ALJ) HLT. HLT nanotubes are naturally occurring clay minerals. HLT located between the layers and the surface of the nanotubes has inner and outer hydroxyl groups. These nanomaterials are hydrophilic and exhibit anionic properties due to SiO2, which is located on the outer surface of the HLT nanotubes. Antibiotics can pass into the anionic, cationic, uncharged, double ion state according to the pH and pKa values of the solution. ALJ can be converted into a gel by cross-linking with divalent metal ions. Where in each valence metal ion is bonded to two carboxyl groups of the neighboring alginate molecule. Thus, the gel beads, whose size can be controlled, are obtained by mixing the biopolymer solution containing the carboxylate functional groups with Ca+ 2, which combines the polymer chains formed by the increase in viscosity. HLT-ALJ hybrid-gel beads are prepared by dripping into CaCl2 solution. Both methods are used in this thesis study. ALJ beads become mechanically more stable when they form composites with HLT. HLT has been studied as an excellent drug delivery system due to the hollow double layered tubular morphology. After preparing HLT-ALJ hybrid-gel beads, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect microstructure, morphology, surface area and pore-size distribution of ALJ-HLT hybrid beads. The thermal properties of the prepared HLT-ALJ hybrid-gel beads were evaluated by TGA and DSC diagrams. Pure ALJ beads, HLT nanotubes and HLT-ALJ hybrid-gel beads were investigated as a function of CIP adsorption, media pH, initial CIP concentration, particle mass, and mass ratios of HLT and ALJ in the composite. Accordingly, the optimum CIP adsorption pH was found to be 4,5, the HLT / ALJ composite amount was found to be 0,5 g in the working volume of 100 ml and the mass ratio of HLT to ALJ was found to be 3/1. The maximum CIP adsorption capacity in these conditions was 6,82 mg / g at a CIP concentration of 50 mg / l. It is understood that CIP conforms to the Langmuir model of equilibrium adsorption to HLT / ALJ hybrid-gel beads. The adsorption kinetics of CIP to HLT / ALJ hybrid-gel beads are represented by pseudo second order kinetics. In the next step of the study, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of CIP in HLT / ALJ hybrid-gel spheres were found. Encapsulation efficiency was 88,3% for pure HLT nanotubes, 55,1% for pure alginate beads and 67,1% for HLT / ALJ hybrid-gel beads. The release of CIP in pH 2,1 HCl buffer, pH 5,0 PBS buffer and pH 7.4 PBS buffer was investigated, albeit in vivo, from CIP loaded HLT / ALJ hybrid-gel beads.