Gestasyonel Diyabetli Gebelerin Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisini Etkileyen Etmenlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Şahım, T.S. Assessment of the Factors Affecting Medical Nutrition Treatment of Gestational Diabetic Pregnants, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences Master of Science Thesis in Food Service Systems Programme, Ankara, 2018 This study was designed to investigate changes in health literacy (HL), diabetes knowledge scale (DKN), and diet quality index (DQI) score before and after giving medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and to determine the factors that influence the compliance of medical nutrition therapy to pregnant women. In this study, 106 pregnant women had given MNT after had GDM diagnosis and did not receive any MNT before in a women's health training and research hospital received. The mean pre-pregnancy blood glucose level of pregnant’s was 91.7±10.1 mg/dL and the mean after the MNT blood glucose level was 86.4±10.25 mg/dL (p=0.001). After MNT postprandial blood glucose was found 131.7±18.7 mg/dL in the 1st hour and 115.9±27.5 mg/dL in the 2nd hour. After MNT training, A,B1, B2, B6, B12, C, Niacin, folic acid and potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and phosphorus intake were increased compared to the pre-training (p<0.05). Pre-education HL scores of gestational diabetics increased from 10.47±2.31 points to 10.94±2.30 points after training (p=0.01). The pre-education DKN score was 7.58±3.03 and increased to 11.27±3.05 points after the training (p=0.001). The pre-education DQI score was 55.02±13.46 points, after the training the score was increased to 63.51±6.68 points (p=0.001). There was no correlation between blood glucose values of pregnant women and HL, DQI scores (p>0.05). There was a moderate correlation between pre-pregnancy blood glucose level and post-training DKN scores (p=0.001). There was a significant difference in post-training DKN scores between groups with birth weight less than 2500 g and those between 3201-4000 g (p=0.022). As a result of this study, it has been shown that MNT applied to pregnant women affects blood glucose levels and diet quality positively. After GDM diagnosis, the pregnant woman should take the MNT specific to GDM and monitored by a dietitian as soon as possible.