Bisfenol Türevlerinin Oksidatif Stres Parametreleri Üzerine Etkilerinin HepG2 Hücrelerinde Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi.
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Date
2018Author
Özyurt, Büşra
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Bisphenols belong
to a chemical group known as diphenylmethanes and widely used in the production
of polycarbonate plastics, as basic chemicals in the resin coating of food and beverage
tins. These substances are suggested to affect many basic physiological processes
such as growth, stress response, gender development, reproduction ability, insulin
production and utilization, and metabolic rate by disrupting the normal functioning
of the endocrine system. There are many animal studies and limited number of in
vitro studies in the literature evaluating the different effects of BPA exposure. The
results of these studies have shown that BPA can have adverse health effects, and
the use BPA is banned or restricted, particularly in different products used by
children. Considering the potential adverse effects of BPA in recent years, alternative
bisphenols such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have begun to be used
instead of BPA. In the last years, by taking into account the potential unwanted
effects of BPA, different alternative bisphenols like bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S
(BPS) are being used instead of BPA. However, there is little information on the
toxicity of alternative bisphenols and most of these information is limited only to the
endocrine disrupting effects of these derivatives. The metabolism of BPS and BPF,
their fate within the organism and the possible toxic substances have not been
studied adequately. The possible toxic effects of BPA, BPF and BPS in HepG2 cells
were evaluated comparatively by the research conducted In this thesis. For this
purpose, the possible changes caused by bisphenols, like cytotoxicity and intracellular
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the effects on antioxidant/oxidant parameters,
have been examined. In cytotoxicity experiments, the cytotoxicity potentials of
different bisphenol derivatives was found to be as BPS> BPF> BPA according to the
median inhibitor concentration (IC50) values . When the increase of intracellular ROS
levels was evaluated, BPA and BPF caused significant and similar increases in
intracellualr ROS production compared to control, while BPS also caused a significant
increase compared to control; but the cytotoxicity induced by BPS was found to be
significantly lower than BPA and BPF. In addition, BPA has increased superoxide
dismutase (SOD) activity; but other bisphenols did not cause alterations in SOD
activity. BPF and BPS treatments significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
activity. No bisphenol derivative catalase (CAT) activity has significantly changed CAT
activity. At the end of the study, we observed that the bisphenols used as alternatives
to BPA, namely BPF and BPS, had similar toxic effects to BPA. Therefore new and
different alternatives to BPA must be discovered and the toxic effects of these
alternatives must be investigated in the future.