Taksim, İşgal ve Ayaklanma Bağlamında Polonya’da Milliyetçilik (1772-1905)

Abstract

The nationalism, which arose during the 1789 French revolution, spread to whole Europe in a short period of time. Social classes and people who had been ignored in the society until then and nationalist thoughts and movements come together around the nation and formed ideological and political movements that can be used for many purposes such as creating a nation state and improving the struggle of national independence against imperialism. The uprising which was led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko just before 1795 partition which caused Poland to be erased from the map, aimed to Poland`s regaining its freedom. Because ordinary people who lacked national consciousness didn`t support this uprising in which high-born were effective, it is hard to claim that this was the first nationalist uprising. After the 1815 Vienna Congress, nationalist feelings started to rise among the Polish due to religious and cultural pressures of occupational forces which consists of Russia, Prusia and Austria. After mentioned nationalist feelings appeared as a defence mechanism against capitalist system and the structure appeared in the industrialising country, Nationalism led the Polish to struggle for the resurrection of Poland and to determine modern qualities of the imagined homeland. So, 1830-31 and 1863-64 uprisings and episode of Polish independence struggle carried out with press and publishing, were analysed in this thesis in terms of manifestation, configuration and usage of nationalism as an instrument.