Özet
DANESH, Aram. A Foucauldian Reading of the Criminal Patient in Peter Shaffer’s Equus and the Psychiatric Prisoners in Martin McDonagh’s The Pillowman, MA Thesis, Ankara, 2023.
This thesis aims to make a Foucauldian analysis of the mental hospital as an institution as represented in Peter Shaffer’s Equus (1973), and the prison as an institution as represented in Martin McDonagh’s The Pillowman (2003), comparing them following Foucault’s arguments made mainly in his Discipline and Punish (1975), and examining how the mentally ‘ill’ subjects of these institutions are accordingly treated in the two selected British plays. The comparison mainly focuses on the techniques, apparatuses, motivations, and the role authorities (the psychiatrist and the policemen) play in ‘disciplining and punishing’ their ‘subjects’ (the inpatient and the inmate) within the institutions, and how they are so similar in that a prison is able to imprison a criminal who is mentally ‘ill,’ and that a mental hospital is able to admit a mentally ‘ill’ criminal person within its walls. Due to their shared use of Panopticon and surveillance, ability to form and enforce discourses, and ‘disciplining and punishing’ their ‘subject’ through physical and mental manipulation into ‘normality’ from ‘abnormality,’ the prison and the mental hospital are argued to ‘execute’ the subject or his/her individuality. The mental hospital is argued to ‘mentally execute’ its ‘subjects’ by removing from them the ‘abnormal’ parts of ‘uniqueness’ which make the person fall outside the discourse of the ‘norm,’ and the prison (in The Pillowman’s totalitarian setting) is argued to do this by removing the person from society by literally executing the criminal, hence ‘punishing’ the ‘subject’ and ‘disciplining’ the general society in the process.
Künye
Primary Sources
McDonagh, Martin. The Pillowman. London: Faber & Faber, 2003. Print.
Shaffer, Peter. Equus. New York: Scribner, 1973. Print.
Secondary Sources
Akşehir-Uygur, Mahinur. “Crush Humanity One More Time: Martin McDonagh’s The
Pillowman in Žižekian Terms.” New Theatre Quarterly 33 (2017): 360-70. Print.
Althusser, Louis. "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses." The Anthropology of the State: A Reader. Eds. Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta. Oxford: Blackwell, 2006. 86-111. Print.
Althusser, Louis. “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation).” Media and Cultural Studies. Eds. Meenakshi Gigi Durham and Douglas M. Kellner. Second. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 80–89. Print.
Atasoy, Emrah. “The Impacts of the Haunting Past on the Present in Martin McDonagh’s The Pillowman.” Journal of International Social Research 13.74 (2020): 14-19. Ebscohost. Web. 09 Apr. 2021
Bal, Mustafa. “Peter Shaffer’s Equus and Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP).” Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 32.2 (2022): 601–20.
Print.
Bentham, Jeremy. The Works of Jeremy Bentham. Ed. John Bowring. Edinburgh:
William Tait, 1843. Print.
Billington, Michael. “Equus.” The Guardian 28 Feb. 2007: n.p. Web. 2023.
--. “The Pillowman” The Guardian 14 Nov. 2003: n.p. Web. 2023.
Bozbey, İlker. Irish Theatre and Violence in the Plays of Martin McDonagh. MA Thesis. Kafkas University, 2015. Print.
Božovič , Miran, and Jeremy Bentham. “‘An Utterly Dark Spot.’” Jeremy Bentham: The Panopticon Writings. Ed. Miran Božovič . London: Verso, 1995. 11. Print.
Çakırtaş, Önder. “The Image of Narrative Prosthesis in McDonagh’s The Pillowman: Normality vs. Psychopathology.” Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 28.1 (2018): 33–51. Print.
Caldwell, Morris G. “Group Dynamics in the Prison Community.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 46.5 (1956): 648–57. Print.
Churchill, Caryl. Softcops & Fen. London: Methuen, 1986. Internet Archive. Web. 05 Apr. 2021.
Çiçek, Ayla. “Political Violence in Martin McDonagh’s ‘The Lieutenant of Inishmore, The Pillowman, Hangmen.’” MA Thesis. Ordu University, 2022. Print.
Dandeker, Christopher. Surveillance, Power and Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994. Print.
Davis, Lennard J. “Constructing Normalcy.” The Disability Studies Reader. Ed.
Lennard J. Davis. Routledge, 1997. 9–29. Print.
Dennis, Krysta. “Translating the Inauthentic: Martin McDonagh’s Hiberno-English in French Translation.” Contemporary Theatre Review 29.2 (2019): 138–151. Print.
Denzin, Norman K. “Collective Behavior in Total Institutions: The Case of the Mental Hospital and the Prison.” Social Problems 15.3 (2014): 353–65. Print.
Ertin, Serkan. “Dissociation of Literary Characters: The Use of “The Double” as a Defense Mechanism in Ayckbourn’s ‘Woman in Mind,’ Friel’s ‘Philadelphia Here I Come!,’ and Shaffer’s ‘Equus.’” MA Thesis. METU, 2006. Print.
Fitzpatrick, Lisa. “Language Games: The Pillowman, A Skull in Connemara. Martin McDonagh’s Hiberno-English” The Theatre of Martin McDonagh. Ed. Lilian Chambers and Eamonn Jordan. Dublin: Carysfort P, 2006. 141-55. Print.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Trans. Alan Sheridan.
New York: Vintage, 1995. Print.
--. History of Madness. Ed. Jean Khalfa. Trans. Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khalfa.
Oxford: Routledge, 2006. Print.
--. Abnormal: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1974–1975. Trans. Graham Burchell.
London: Verso, 2016. Print.
--. “Truth and Juridical Forms.” Power: Essential Works of Foucault. Ed. J. D. Faubion.
Trans. R. Hurley. Vol. 3. London: Penguin, 2002. Print.
Galič, Maša, Tjerk Timan, and Bert-Jaap Koops. “Bentham, Deleuze and Beyond: An
Overview of Surveillance Theories from the Panopticon to Participation.” Philosophy & Technology 30.1 (2017): n.p. Print.
García, Carmen Méndez. “The Wicked Heart: Studies in the Phenomena of Evil.” Papers Presented at the Sixth Global Conference on Evil and Human Wickedness.
Prague: Inter-Disciplinary Press, 2005. 81–91. Print.
Gianakaris, C. J. “The Artistic Trajectory of Peter Shaffer.” Peter Shaffer: A Casebook. Ed. C. J. Gianakaris. London: Garland Publishing, 1991. 3–25. Print.
Hall, Stuart. “The Work of Representation.” Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. Ed. Stuart Hall. London: Sage Publications, 1997. 13–75.
Print.
Haughton, Miriam. “Merging Worlds: Place, Politics, and Play in Martin McDonagh’s The Pillowman.” Focus: Papers in English Literary and Cultural Studies. Ed. Mária Kurdi. Pécs: University of Pécs, 2012. 77–93. Print.
Hudson, Kathleen A. “Equus: A Psychological Interpretation Based on Myth.” MA Thesis. North Texas State University, 1978. Print.
Hutchings, William. “Revitalised Ritual and Theatrical Flair: The Plays of Peter Shaffer.” British and Irish Drama since 1960. Ed. James Acheson. London: The Macmillan Press, 1993. 32–46. Print.
Jiao, Qianqian. “Rationality, Obstruction and Identity Deconstruction - Focusing on Sir. Peter Shaffer’s Trilogy of Faith.” Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government 27.6 (2021): 1128–55. Print.
Jordan, Eamonn. “The Critical Debate.” The Theatre of Martin McDonagh. Ed. Lilian Chambers and Eamonn Jordan. Dublin: Carysfort Press, 2006. 1–12. Print.
--. “The Critical Debate.” The Theatre of Martin McDonagh. Ed. Lilian Chambers and Eamonn Jordan. Dublin: Carysfort Press, 2006. 174-98. Print.
Kneif, Mary Ann. “Directed to the Mines: The Bevin Boys, 1943 to 1948.” PhD. Thesis. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2005. Print.
Kolahjooei, Farzad. “The Discourse of the Other in Martin McDonagh’s The
Pillowman.” International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 20.1 (2023): 98–105. Print.
Laing, R. D. “Persons and Experience.” The Politics of Experience. New York: Pantheon Books, 1967. 17–46. Print.
Lakdawala, Paresh D. “Doctor-Patient Relationship in Psychiatry.” Mens Sana Monographs (2015): 82–90. Print.
Lonergan, Patrick. The Theatre and Films of Martin McDonagh. London: Methuen Drama, 2012. Print.
Mattelart, Armand. The Globalization of Surveillance. Trans. Susan Taponier and James A. Cohen. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010. Print.
“Panopticon.” Collins Dictionary: n.p. Web. 2023.
Pree, Barry, and Peter Shaffer. Peter Shaffer: Interviewed by Barry Pree. The Transatlantic Review 1963: 62–66.
Rice, John Steadman. “Discursive Formation, Life Stories, and the Emergence of Co-
Dependency: ‘Power/Knowledge’ and the Search for Identity.” The Sociological Quarterly 33.3 (1992): 337–64. Print.
Roberts, Marc. “The Production of the Psychiatric Subject: Power, Knowledge and Michel Foucault.” Nursing Philosophy 6.1 (2005): 33–42. Print.
Shaffer, Peter. The Collected Plays of Peter Shaffer. New York: Harmony Books, 1982.
Print.
Shalom, Lindsay. “Functional Violence in Martin McDonagh’s The Lieutenant of Inishmore and The Pillowman.” MA Thesis. Georgia Southern University, 2015.
Electronic Theses and Dissertations 1348 (2015). Web. 07 Apr. 2021.
“Stateville Prison, Joliet, IL: Art Object?” Prison Photography. 21 Aug. 2010. Web. 3 June 2023.
Steadman, Philip. “The Contradictions of Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon Penitentiary.” Journal of Bentham Studies 9 (2007): 1-31. Web. 7 June 2023.
Theophrastus. The Character Sketches. Trans. Warren Anderson. Kent: The Kent State UP, 1970. Print.
Yelmiş, İmren. “Satiric Representations of Violence in Martin McDonagh’s ‘The
Beauty Queen of Leenane,’ ‘A Skull in Connemara’ and The Lieutenant of Inishmore’.” PhD. Thesis. Hacettepe University, 2014. Print.
Yılmaz, Victoria Bilge. “Who Receives a Therapy in Peter Shaffer’s Equus?” AGATHOS 12.2 (2021): 93–100. Print.
Yorgancıoğlu, Pelin Elcik. “In-Your-Face Theater and a Sample Play The Pillowman.”
Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics 6.4 (2019): 476–89. Print.
Ziółkowska, Justyna. “Positions in Doctors’ Questions During Psychiatric Interviews.” Qualitative Health Research 19.11 (2009): 1621–31. Print.
