Covıd-19 Tanısı ile Ayaktan Tedavi Gören Hastaların İştah ve Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

As with many acute infections, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease with a high risk of malnutrition. Assessment of body weight change, appetite and nutritional status of individuals receiving outpatient treatment with the diagnosis of COVID-19 can help determine measures to minimize the negative effects of the disease. This study was conducted with 266 (49.2% female, 50.8% male) patients aged 19-65 years (average 34,27±9,35 years) who received outpatient treatment and diagnosed with COVID-19 in Kapaklı, Tekirdağ. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, disease status, nutritional habits, anthropometric measurements, appetite questionnaire, 24-hour food consumption registration form was applied by face-to-face interview method. Anthropometric measurements and Simplified Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) were administered twice, at the time of diagnosis and at the 10th day after diagnosis. At the end of the study, it was found that 34.2% of the patients skipped 1 or more main meals (p<0.05). The mean of the patients' total SNAQ scores at the time of diagnosis and at the 10th day after diagnosis were 17.66±1.70 and 13.11±3.72, respectively (p<0.001). According to the evaluation made on the 10th day after the diagnosis of COVID-19, 65,6% of female patients and 51,1% of male patients have a risk of loss of body weight over 5% in the next 6 months due to loss of appetite (p=0.016). According to the SNAQ score on the 10th day after diagnosis, the rate of those who said "decreased" in the consumption of milk and dairy products, red meat, poultry, eggs, fish, vegetables, fruits, cereals and legumes in the group at risk for body weight loss was higher than the group without risk (respectively 61,9 vs. %15,3, %91,6 vs. %22,5, %89,7 vs. %20,7, %47,7 vs. %5,4, %42,6 vs. %6,3, %33,5 vs. %3,6, %17,4 vs. %1,8, %91,6 vs. %35,1, %60,6 vs. %7,2) (p<0,001). The rate of patients meeting the dietary recommendations for energy, protein, vitamin B12, calcium, zinc and iron was %82,30 and %82,20, %77,90 and %69,00, %69,50 and %47,25, %64,25 and %63,72, %82,90 and %66,40, %95,64 and %82,36 in men and women, respectively. The mean body weight, Body Mass Index value and SNAQ score on the 10th day after the diagnosis were lower than before the diagnosis (p<0.001). Nutritional symptoms and nutritional status should be evaluated in outpatient COVID-19 patients. These patients should definitely receive counseling from a dietitian about maintaining adequate energy, protein and fluid intake.