Duygusal Yüz İfadelerinin ve Uyarıcı Sunum Süresinin Zaman Algısına Etkisi
Özet
The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of manipulation of stimulus presentation duration of pictures expressing universal six basic emotions by using a prospective paradigm including verbal estimation and reproduction tasks.
Pictures of Facial Effect: POFA set produced by Ekman and Friesen (1976) was rated for arousal, valance and recognition of emotions in pre-studies and two pictures selected from this set were used as stimulus in temporal tasks.
Experimental part of the study was conducted with 47 female and 28 male in total 75 voluntary participants 2(Type of Task: Verbal estimation, Reproduction) x 7(Type of Emotion: Anger, Fear, Sadness, Disgust, Surprise, Neutral, Happiness) x 4(Presentation Duration: 500 msn, 1000 msn, 1500 msn, 2000 msn) repeated measures design. The analyses of the relative duration value and coefficient of variation were performed by means of 2x4x7 and 2x4 repeated measures ANOVA.
According to the results of this study, in a level of each presentation duration, all emotional facial expressions duration was perceived to be shorter than target durations. On the other hand, duration of all emotional facial expressions except the sad facial expression was perceived longer than the duration of neutral facial expression. According to internal clock model and in the context of arousal and attention, tendency to underestimate the duration of emotional stimuli compared to target duration was consistent with an attentional model while tendency to overestimate duration of the emotional stimuli compared to duration of neutral stimulus was consistent with the arousal based model. In spite of not finding any significant interaction effect, results of this study indicated that temporal distortions increase with duration of emotional stimuli. Besides, relative to the reproduction task, durations of all emotional stimuli were more underestimated in the verbal estimation task. The findings of this study suggested that in regard to the effects of emotional facial expressions on time perception, not only the involvement of effects emanating from arousal and attention but also memory and decision processes could have an effect due to the type of temporal tasks difference.
