Etnomüzikoloji Bağlamında Psikanalitik Bir Yaklaşımla Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki Ağıtlar

Abstract

The lament reflects a literary genre that extemporaneously expresses the tragedy, which is expressed after a loss in all cultures with a musical language. At the same time, lament is a general expression that indicates the expression of pain in musical and concise words in almost all societies. The reflection of the laments, which start with groans and cries, has been seen since ancient times as the first genre of both folk literature and ethnomusicology. It has been seen that the laments have been made after an extraordinary pain and this pain is due to the loss of loved people. This kind of pain creates deep sadness in their loved ones, and their relatives often resort to the necessary defence mechanisms in order to cope with this annihilation. It has been known that both individual and, in these pleas, which are based on fear and guilt, collective healing take place through cultural and identity rituals. The aim of the study is to evaluate the laments in the Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia Regions of Turkey with a Psychoanalytic Approach in the Context of Ethnomusicology. It has been seen that the deficiencies of the studies carried out within the scope of the Anatolian lament culture, and it has also been determined that these deficiencies should be updated. Participatory and on-site observation techniques of the ethnomusicological approach have been used in this study. Along with the connection of laments with personal history, their importance in terms of oral history has been evaluated and interpreted within the framework of psychoanalytic theory. It has been observed that a characteristic structure emerged in the context of ethnomusical sound signs in the collected laments. It has been thought that the meticulous examination of the laments recorded and analysed within the scope of world musicology will make an important contribution to the field. Laments have been analysed psychoanalytically with the approach of ego defence mechanisms. It has been observed that basic defence mechanisms such as denial, relocation, counter-reaction, compensation, and exaltation around fear and guilt are frequently used both in religious protection and ego defence. The data obtained have been determined from the aspects of the lament words and the behaviour of the mourner and interpreted under the consultancy of experts. As a result, it can be said that lamentations, which are suitable for interdisciplinary work, present a structure suitable for evaluation from different perspectives, and an in-depth study of culture can contribute to women's folklore. These creations of lamenting women, who contribute to the continuity of culture, have turned out to be appropriate approaches for ecofeminist and ecomusicological studies. It has been foreseen by us that more constructive/productive materials will be realized with in-depth studies in this field.