Omuz İnstabilite Vakalarında Görülen Kinezyofobinin Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Modifiye Tampa Skalasının (TSK-SI) Türkçe Versiyonunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği

Abstract

The aim of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Modified Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-SI), developed to assess kinesiophobia in individuals with anterior shoulder instability, into Turkish and to examine the validity and reliability of its Turkish version. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the scale were conducted according to the guidelines of Beaton et al. A total of 126 volunteers diagnosed with anterior shoulder instability were included; for test–retest reliability, 7-15 days later 111 individuals completed the scale twice. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated within the COSMIN framework. For convergent validity, the relationships between the TSK-SI and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (KKI) were examined. Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.842. Test–retest reliability was good to excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.91), a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 2.90, and a minimal detectable change (MDC) of 8.03; Bland–Altman analysis revealed no significant systematic bias. The TSK-SI showed significant correlations with the TSK (rho=0.832), WOSI (rho=0.679), and KKI (rho=0.553), whereas its correlation with the DASH remained below this threshold (rho=0.450). In terms of structural validity, the original one-factor structure of the scale could not be confirmed; the 16-item, five-factor structure obtained demonstrated acceptable model fit in confirmatory factor analysis (χ²/df=1.88; CFI=0.944; TLI=0.929; RMSEA=0.084; SRMR=0.085). In conclusion, the Turkish version of the TSK-SI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing kinesiophobia in individuals with anterior shoulder instability.