GÜNCEL KULLANILAN KALSİYUM SİLİKAT ESASLI ENDODONTİK DOLGU MATERYALLERİNİN İNSAN DENTAL PULPA KÖK HÜCRELERİNDE SİTOTOKSİSİTE, OKSİDATİF STRES VE GENOTOKSİSİTE AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

In this study, the biosafety profiles of the calcium silicate-based materials used in endodontics — MTA Angelus White, Biodentine and NeoMTA 2 — on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) were evaluated in a multiparametric and comparative manner through cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage/repair parameters. Considering that direct application could create artifacts due to the setting tendency of the materials, exposure was carried out using a standardized extract approach. Cell viability was determined at serial dilutions by the MTT method. Oxidative stress was evaluated by reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). General DNA damage was examined by the alkaline Comet assay, while oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by 8-hydroxy2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and the DNA repair response by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG-1) levels. Biochemical parameters were normalized to the total protein amount. According to the obtained findings, the extracts of all three materials maintained cell viability above 80% throughout the entire tested dilution range and exhibited a non-cytotoxic profile according to ISO 10993-5 criteria. No statistically significant difference was found among the groups in the oxidative stress parameters, and the cellular redox balance was found to be preserved. In the Comet assay, the materials did not cause significant DNA damage compared to the negative control. No significant difference was found between the oxidative DNA damage and repair markers either; the similar trend of the two markers indicated that the balance between the formed base damage and the repair capacity was preserved. In conclusion, all three tested calcium silicate-based materials exhibited a similar and acceptable biosafety profile on hDPSC; no significant difference was detected in any of the measured parameters either among the materials or compared to the negative control. These findings support that NeoMTA 2, a relatively new material, is comparable to MTA Angelus White and Biodentine in terms of biosafety.