MALZEME ÖZ DEĞERLERİ İLE TASARLAMA POTANSİYELLERİ: ZUMTHOR YAPILARI ÜZERİNDEN İNCELEME

Abstract

When interior spaces are approached based on the essential values of materials, which are important design elements, they influence the design process and create significant design potentials. This study aims to understand the potential of approaches that address the act of designing with materials within the design process by understanding materials based on their essential values, and to propose a new design method for the design process. To this end, the theories on materials by John Ruskin, Viollet Le Duc, Gottfried Semper, and Adolf Loos, who have fundamentally influenced contemporary design material approaches from the classical modern and post-modern periods, were examined within the scope of the study. The contribution of the obtained data to the classical modern and post-modern periods was revealed. Using the accumulated data provided by these materials as a basis, the structures of designer Peter Zumthor, who manages the entire design process from this foundation and designs with materials, have been identified within the scope of this study. Forty-one structures designed by the architect between 1985 and 2013, a period he refers to as his mature period, were examined. Among the 41 structures examined, three structures where the material is linked to the design idea, thereby influencing all stages of the design and revealing the full design potential of the material, namely the Leis Houses (Oberhus Structure), Therme Vals, and Bruder Klaus Chapel, have been selected for analysis within the scope of this study. In this context, the study defines its methodology through two main phases: discourse and action analysis. The discourse section analyzes the theories of the theorists on the material, the ideas on the subject in the literature, and the statements of the designer on the material. The action section represents the collective case analysis section. This section analyzes the three structures identified within the scope. The findings presented by the research show that when approached based on the essential values of the material, it can be addressed using trace and image approaches, and that this approach can be related to the fundamental idea of design. In this context, the material that relates to the fundamental idea of design is positioned at the starting point of the design process, plays an active role in creating atmospheric decisions with the sensory data provided by the material, it creates the first archetypes of the design and determines the general form of the design, it serves as the basis for the creation of plan and section organizations, and it has the potential to directly and indirectly influence the creation of detail solutions. It has been concluded that it creates collective design phases within the design process and has the potential to frame and complete the process from start to finish within the framework of a holistic design action.