Antropojenik İklim Değişikliğinin Bilim Felsefesinin Thomas Kuhn ve Paul Feyerabend Ekseninde Felsefî Bir Yaklaşımla Değerlendirilmesi ve Antroposantrizm Eleştirisi

Abstract

Philosophy consists of seeing a problem in life and trying to understand why the problem arises, what the real nature of the problem is and to solve it. The climate is a crucial element for the continuation of humanity and civilization. The problem of this thesis is the scientific basis of the effects and results of the anthropogenic climate change experienced today on human societies and the Earth, and the precision in future projections. The philosophy of science must be investigated first, while the climate is handled by philosophy. Because making sure of the consequences of anthropogenic climate change for the world and creating plans and policies that regulate human life by this creates a “knowing problem”. In other words, we will look for answers that can science know the consequences of climate change with its structure and nature, can science make projections for the future, and how consistent these projections are? However, before that, a biological human view based on evolutionary and historical processes will be grounded in order to provide a basis for the discussion of the thesis. Afterwards, it will be explained what climate is and how people’s meanings towards climate and climate change have changed in the historical process. In the philosophy of science part, the investigation of the structure and nature of science will proceed through the philosophies of Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend, two important philosophers of science of the 20th century. At the last point of the thesis, a humanism and anthropocentrism problem arise and this problem will be examined in accordance with the human view of the thesis so that the introduction and conclusion parts of the thesis will be completed in a consistent manner.