Arazi Şartlarında Periyodik Gerilim ve Akım Ölçüm Yapan Sistem İçin Fotovoltaik Güç Ünitesi Geliştirilmesi

Abstract

In this study, a microcontroller based small power photovoltaic control unit is designed to provide energy to wireless sensor network, which measure physical parameters, installed on a pipeline on a rural area. Fort that purpose, photovoltaic energy conversion systems are researched. The most crucial parameter to ensure the longevity of sensor networks is the continuity of the energy source. Therefore, studies on maximum power point tracking methods and algorithms to transfer linearly non-linear photovoltaic energy to the system in a convenient way. 10W photovoltaic panel and 12V 7Ah storage unit are determined to use in the system considering requirements of the proposed design. In order to reduce the higher photovoltaic voltage to supply battery, a buck converter is designed. Perturb and observe algorithm is used as MPPT method. Perturb and observe algorithm is easily adaptable approach and does not need complex circuits to operate. Another photovoltaic control method named pulse width modulation control is designed and compared with MPPT control unit. The goal of this study is to design a stand-alone, durable, rugged, sustainable and high efficient microcontroller based photovoltaic (PV) power control system and minimizes obstructer factors for sustainability of sensor network system used in a pipeline on rural area. Due to the inherent losses of photovoltaic systems, it is crucial that the maximum power is efficiently extracted from photovoltaic panel. A high efficient photovoltaic control unit is aimed to design to control power generated by photovoltaic array and transfer maximum power to the storage unit under variable atmospheric conditions. The system was tested with a load of 1A at a voltage of 12V at which the wireless sensor network would operate. The active time of the load unit is controlled by using real time clock. The load unit is activated for 1 and 2 minutes with 30 minutes intervals and the power control unit was tested. The efficiency of the systems is compared and the behavior of the systems under equivalent conditions is analyzed. A special structure is designed for the panel, the battery and the control unit, and endurance of the system is enhanced to resist poor atmospheric and environmental conditions. Data logger unit records system parameters in a memory card by using SD card unit. These data is transferred to simulation environment and characteristic of the control unit is examined. Input - output data, date, time, instantaneous power consumption and system efficiency are monitored instantaneously on a screen. As a result of the tests, it is determined that proposed MPPT control unit system has an overall efficiency of more than 93%.