12 Mart'tan 12 Eylül'e Türkiye'de Seçimler ve Sonuçları

Abstract

In the 1970’s Turkey was polarized right and left and had experienced intense chaos, instability, anarchism and economic crises in the political and social arena, and the country came to the brink of civil war. The two general election results had been condemned to the coalition governments, and the coalition unions had not been able to yield any results. Moreover, the uncompromising attitudes of politicians struck this turmoil. In political life, there was a multi-part structure consisting of CHP, AP, MSP, MHP, CGP, DP and independents. This structure was a fragile structure in which even a single deputy could encourage multi-party negotiations and divisions, also small parties could be subject to negotiations on behalf of government. The establishment of seven short-lived governments between 1973 elections and 12 September Military Coup is another indication of political instability. In such a troubled period, the intelligentsia of the country proposed the CHP-AP coalition and thought that this would be the only solution; But this partnership could not be realized as it is hoped. The reasons such as the low level of socio-economic development of the society, the polarization of the political parties, the whole violence in the society, the arrival of the partisanship and the staffing to the extreme, the stubbornness despite the stimulation of the politics, the uncompromising attitudes and insensitivity made the option of making a new start. As a result, the developments experienced after the elections in 1973 and especially in 1977 made it clear that democratic remedies were exhausted, a civilized development of "co-operative culture" had not yet developed, the political and democratic culture had not yet matured and democratic life might be better with a single contemporary and secular party. The 70s, in which two general elections held in this period did not stabilize the country, remained in memories as a period of depression, an undemocratic era in which the democratic order brought separation to the country. In the study, diversity of resource type and versatility were taken as basis and an interdisciplinary study was conducted by acting in cooperation with other social sciences. In addition to written documents, visual and verbal sources were also utilized and talks were held with people living in the period within oral history. In the introductory part of the work, the definition of the subject, the method of the research, the researches about the subject, the conceptual substructure and the development of the selection case in Turkey are emphasized. The first part deals with the process leading to the March 12, 1973 elections in the second, 1975 elections in the third, 1977 elections in the fourth, 1979 and 1980 elections in the fifth.