Dil Akrabalığı ve Altay Dillerinin Akrabalığı Araştırmaları Hakkında Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Along with the full establishment of the principles and methods of comparative linguistics in the nineteenth century, studies of language kinship in scientific terms have also begun. These studies have revealed the origins of language and genetic relationships of languages. Different scientific and technological developments and different disciplines have developed different criteria that can be used in studying the genetic relationship of languages; the reliability of existing criteria has been examined. The purpose of this study is to examine the theory of language consanguinity theoretically and to exemplify it through the Altaic languages. The fact that genetic linguistics has been interwoven with many different linguistics titles has led to the development of a specific terminology for the field. For this reason, in the first part of the study, the related terms and concepts have been examined in detail. The study is proceeding on two main topics: language consanguinity and Altaic theory. The kinship theory, which is the first of these two basic headings, is discussed in the second part of the work. In the framework of available information and recent developments, the criteria used in kinship studies have been examined. As a result of these examinations, it was researched whether the criteria could give the correct results for the determination of the language consanguinity. In the third and final part of the study, comparative linguistic studies and the conclusions that the existing criteria used in genetic linguistics can give / give via the Altaic languages have been examined. Studies on Altaic languages are mostly not practical, but theoretical. Grammatical comparisons between family members have not been enough to ensure that the theory has reached a conclusion. In these grammatical studies, researchers who support or oppose the theory have reached parallel results with their own knowledge. This has caused the theory of the Altaic languages to still not be concluded positive or negative. In this context, examining the Altaic theory with different criteria may lead to different outcomes. In the last part of the study, it is suggested how to compare the Altay languages according to the newly proposed criteria which are frequently used in comparison studies. The number of studies conducted in genetic kinship and Altaistics areas in Turkish Turkology is very few. For this reason, in all the titles of the study, reference and guidance were given to the leading studies related to the topic. This study aims to be a guide to the work to be done after the literature summaries and resource lists it has.