AFET VE ACİL DURUM YÖNETİMİNDE YAPAY ZEKÂ UYGULAMALARI

Abstract

One of the main priorities of disaster and emergency management is the prevention of loss of life and property. The digital revolution, which is described as a fusion of technologies that enable the transition between the physical, digital and biological worlds, and the level reached in technology, have also made themselves felt in the field of combating natural disasters. Technological developments have a function of both increasing and decreasing the loss of life and property. On the one hand, technological tools and applications pose a high risk and danger to living life, especially human beings; On the other hand, it provides support to the fight of human beings against natural disasters, epidemics and dangerous human-induced events with effective, fast and modern tool sets. Developments in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular, have led to radical and comprehensive changes in disaster and emergency management. Today, the use of AI-based technologies is increasing day by day in different stages of combating various disasters and man-made hazards such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes and tsunamis, pandemics, etc. AI-based technologies have become an important force multiplier to protect life, property and information in disaster management. Within the scope of combating the Covid-19 pandemic, AI-based applications have been widely used in many different areas from education to health, from trade to working life. AI tools are widely used within the scope of tasks such as predicting natural disasters, understanding the magnitude and patterns of possible natural disasters, damage estimation, humanitarian aid, social media analysis, risk assessment and predictive analytics, developing plans for the disaster recovery process and estimating restoration costs, and decision-making, and very successful results are obtained. Thus, various difficulties and weaknesses caused by traditional systems are solved with AI technologies. In this study, the usage areas of AI applications within the scope of combating different types of disasters were examined with the qualitative research method and the advantages of these applications to the relevant actors and stakeholders involved in the disaster and emergency management process were included. As a result of the study, it has been concluded that many AI applications developed within the scope of disasters and emergencies may lead to new human-induced disasters if the necessary legal arrangements supported by various legal and criminal sanctions at the global level are not made and other relevant measures are not taken.