İRANLI EŞCİNSEL ERKEKLERİN CİNSEL KİMLİK YÖNETİMİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Abstract

This thesis examines the identity formation and management processes of Iranian gay men through the lenses of social constructionism, queer theory, and symbolic interactionism. The theoretical framework of the analysis incorporates Goffman’s concept of stigma, Jenkins’ processual approach to identity, and Brekhus’ analysis of marked identities. Based on this foundation, the study explores how Iranian gay men negotiate their sexual orientation within a socio-cultural context shaped by heteronormative and patriarchal values. The research is based on qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews with Iranian gay men living both in Iran and in the diaspora. The findings indicate that participants face multiple challenges, including social exclusion and family pressures. The use of derogatory and feminizing language functions as a social marker that isolates these individuals from mainstream society. Participants reported that framing their sexual orientation as “deviant” or “abnormal” leads to internalized stigma and psychological consequences such as low self-esteem. Family dynamics emerge as a crucial factor in identity disclosure processes. Supportive or repressive attitudes from family members significantly influence participants’ experiences. While some individuals find empowerment through familial support, others experience complex relationship dynamics due to heightened visibility. Participants in the diaspora reported greater social acceptance but struggled with balancing their cultural ties and newly encountered social norms. The findings further highlight the resilience and coping strategies participants develop in response to social and cultural barriers. They construct alternative communities and support networks while selectively disclosing their sexual identity within family settings to minimize potential harm. The theme of “Sexuality as a Private/Personal Matter” reinforces silence and secrecy strategies concerning sexual orientation. Similarly, the theme of “Regulating Normative Masculinity” illustrates how societal and familial expectations impose constraints on participants’ modes of self-expression. Finally, the theme of “Shifting from Assertion to Conformity” explains participants’ transition from actively asserting their identity to adopting strategies that reduce their visibility. By presenting the lived experiences of Iranian gay men, this thesis contributes to LGBTQ+ identity debates and challenges universalist assumptions in queer studies. It concludes with theoretical insights and recommendations for inclusive practices that critically engage with heteronormativity.