Primer Dismenoreli Kadınların Menstrual Siklus Fazlarında Ağrı Algısının İncelenmesi

Abstract

This study explored how pain (intensity, threshold, and tolerance) varies across the menstrual cycle phases in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) compared to those without, as well as whether the perceived pain is catastrophized. A total of 50 literate female volunteers with regular menstrual cycles who were capable of completing evaluation scales were included. Participants were divided into two groups: the PD group (n = 25; age: 22.64 ± 2.63 years, height: 164.20 ± 4.47 cm, weight: 59.68 ± 7.24 kg, Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.15 ± 2.78 kg/m²) and the non-PD group (n = 25; age: 22.64 ± 2.53 years, height: 165.68 ± 5.73 cm, weight: 60.48 ± 8.76 kg, BMI: 22.06 ± 3.13 kg/m²). Physical, demographic, and menstrual characteristics, along with medical histories, were recorded for all participants. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while attitudes toward menstruation were evaluated with the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. Pain thresholds and tolerance levels were measured using an algometer during the menstrual (Day 1), follicular (Day 12), and luteal (Day 20) phases. Additionally, in the PD group, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were employed. The findings revealed significant differences in pain threshold, tolerance, and VAS scores across the menstrual cycle phases in the PD group (p < 0.001). Scores on the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire were significantly lower during the menstrual phase compared to other phases (p = 0.049), while no differences were observed between the follicular and luteal phases (p > 0.05). Pain catastrophizing scores were highest during the menstrual phase, with a marked reduction observed in the follicular and luteal phases (p < 0.001). Coping strategies scores were low during the menstrual and follicular phases but significantly increased in the luteal phase (p < 0.001). Pain self-efficacy scores were lowest during the menstrual phase, showed notable improvement in the follicular phase, and peaked during the luteal phase. In the non-PD group, significant differences in pain threshold and tolerance were also noted across the cycle phases (p < 0.001). Comparisons between PD and non-PD individuals revealed significant differences in pain threshold and tolerance levels (p < 0.001), with similar trends observed across phases in both groups. These results indicate that menstrual cycle phases have a significant impact on pain perception and management, with these effects being more pronounced in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea.