Cadianda Nekropolü: Tipolojisi ve Lykia Örnekleriyle Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Cadianda is located in Tekirlik Locality of Yeşilüzümlü Town, 20 km northeast of Fethiye County of Muğla. The city is on the border of Western Lycia and Caria, adjacent to the Phyrgia and Pisidia regions. Çalıştepe, which is matched with Araxa and Oinoanda in the north, Telmessos in the south, and Telandros in the south-west, is on the important ancient city roads of Lycia such as Tlos, Letoon and Xanthos in the southeast. The settlement, which is 970 m above sea level, surrounded by walls on the steep rocks that dominate the region, is located to constitute a control point for Telmessos Port, Çalıştepe and Xanthos Valley. Cadianda is an important Lycian city, which has the authority to mint money in its own name, has a vote in the Lycian Union, as can be understood from its surface and epigraphic finds. However, no holistic research has been carried out so far in this important Lycian city. It is known that the necropolis areas of ancient cities are the most informative element in revealing the identity of the city. Therefore, we wanted to carry out our work in the Cadianda necropolis area. As a result of our research, it has been understood that Cadianda has different features from other Lycian cities, especially with the diversity of tomb architecture. The tomb structures cover a wide area outside the city walls, under the city walls, inside the walls, on the slopes, on the plains reaching to the acropolis. The tombs are grouped as pillared tombs, rock tombs, sarcophagi, temple tombs, heroon and chamber tombs. The chamber tombs, which constitute the largest group numerically, have been examined under sub-headings as vaulted roof, flat roofed and gabled roof according to their top covers. In summary, form, space, time and the relations between them in the tomb structures in the necropolis formed the essence of our research. In addition, it was thought that it would be useful in future studies to draw attention to the hidden tomb structures that we noticed in the surface findings of our research. The chamber tombs with masonry rubble stone walls, which were built in accordance with the Perma culture rules, were built by utilizing the limestone rocks found in the region. The fact that the original burial form of the Lycia region is represented by a single example of sarcophagi with saddle-lid and the scarcity of rock tombs in which the wooden house architecture, which is common in the Lycian Region, is reflected on the stone, is remarkable in Cadianda. On the other hand, considering the numerical abundance of the vaulted chamber tombs, regional effects were examined. While the tomb structures having Lycian features periodically were located on the flat plain reaching to the acropolis, it was understood that the Roman Period chamber tombs were inside and outside the walls in the acropolis. It has been determined that the center where the chamber tombs are most common in Western Lycia is Cadianda. As it is understood from the inscribed tombs, it was possible to talk about the existence of the local cemetery commission in Cadianda. As a result of our research, an open-air worship place was determined in the area where the rock tombs are located, which we think will be related to the burial or related to the burial ceremonies.