Kum Ulemasının İran Siyasetine Etkisi (1850-1921)

Abstract

The city of Qom described as the Hawzah Ilmiye in the Shiite world with its madrasas, has an important place in the religious and political life of Iran in the historical process. The city of Kum met with the Shiite sect in 645 with the immigration of Shiite Arab tribes, especially the Ashari tribe. The death of Fatma, the daughter of the eighth Imam Musa Kazım, at Qom and the presence of her tomb in this city gave this city a sanctity in terms of the Shiite world. Qom began to become a city of religious studies and education for the Shiite sect, with the influence of religious scholars, who migrated to the region from the Umayyad and Abbasid periods. The city of Qom has also been influential in the recent Iranian political history.Transformation of the Qom, which has an important place in the post-Islamic history of Iran and in the Shiite world, into Hawzah Ilmiye was realized by the arrival of Ayatollah Sheikh Abdulkerim Yazdi from the city of Najaf to this city. Ayatollah Yazdi not only strengthened the Qom madrasas in administrative and financial areas, but also laid the foundations for updating the education curriculum to meet the conditions of the day. As a result of the work of Sheikh Heiri Yazdi, the reputation of the Qum madrasas in the Shiite World has increased. In addition, as a result of the reforms of Ayatollah Heiri Yazdi, Hawzah Ilmiye of Qom became more influential in religious studies and in the political field. In this context, the dissertation is shaped around two purposes. One of these aims is the institutionalization of Shiism in the city of Qom, the activities carried out in the religious field and its effect on Iranian politics. In addition, the reforms of Ayatollah Sheikh Heiri Yazdi and his effect on the transformation of the city of Qom into the Hawzah Ilmiye are examined.