Biyofortifikasyonun Arpa, Yulaf ve Öğütme Fraksiyonlarında Bazı Mineraller ve Fonksiyonel Bileşenler Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Abstract

This study was carried out i) to compare fibre rich fraction (FRF) yields of two milling systems from biofortified (+) and non-biofortified (-) hull-less barley cv. Yalin and ii) to compare bran yields of short and long flows of roller mill from biofortified (+) and non-biofortified (-) hull-less oats cv. Haskara. In addition, effects of biofortification (Zn, I, Se) on protein, ash, starch, beta-glucan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan, glucomannan, total dietary fiber (soluble, insoluble and total) and mineral composition, physical and physicochemical properties (mass median diameter, dispersion, porosity, viscosity) of barley and oats milling fractions were also investigated.

FRF yields of roller mill (FRFR) were 55.2% and 56.2% while those of hammer mill (FRFH) were 43.7% and 45.9% for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively. Pin milling was applied for further enrichment of FRFR and FRFH. The yields of enriched fraction E-FRFR were 25.9% and 26.0% while the yields of enriched fraction E-FRFH were 22.8% and 24.1% for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively. Beta-glucan contents of FRFR were 7.20% and 6.91% while those of FRFH were 8.91% and 8.09% for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively. In addition, beta-glucan contents of E-FRFR were 12.91% and 12.33% while those of E-FRFH were 14.17% and 13.02% for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively.

Yields of coarse bran obtained by short-flow were 42.6% for both Haskara samples while those of fine bran obtained by long-flow were 46.6% and 47.4% for Haskara (-) and Haskara (+). Beta-glucan contents of coarse bran were 8.31% and 8.42% while those of fine bran were 8.65% and 8.658 for Haskara (-) and Haskara (+), respectively.

Enrichment of barley fractions significantly increased porosity and decreased mass median diameter, dispersion and bulk density. RVA viscosities of E-FRF were significantly higher as compared to FRF. Long flow milling of oats samples increased dispersion, porosity, beta-glucan solubility and RVA viscosity and decreased mass median diameter and bulk density as compared to short flow milling.

When the effect of biofortification was examined; it was determined that Zn, I and Se contents of Yalin (+) were 1.5, 17.3 and 2.0 fold higher as compared to Yalin (-). Likewise, Zn, I and Se contents of Haskara (+) were 1.2, 2.7 and 2.8 times higher than those of Haskara (-). E-FRFR and E-FRFH obtained from Yalin (+) had much higher Zn (2.3-2.8 fold), I (21.4-23.5 fold) and Se (2.4-2.8 fold) as compared to whole grain of Yalin (-), respectively. Similarly, coarse bran and fine bran obtained from Haskara (+) had much higher Zn (1.5-1.7 fold), I (2.9-4.7 fold) and Se (3.7-3.8 fold) as compared to whole grain of Haskara (-), respectively. Consequently, use of biofortification and fractionation by different milling techniques significantly increased the Zn, I and Se contents in both barley and oat milling fractions.