Milli Mücadele Dönemi Türk Basınında İstanbul Hükümetleri- Ankara İlişkileri

Abstract

Academic studies on press have an important place in history research. Because newspapers are important sources that shed light on the political, social, cultural and economic developments of the period in which they were published. The press is a instrument that used to create public opinion, direct public opinion and inform the public. In this regard, newspapers come to the fore. In our country, the press was not born to enlighten the public and to influence the public in the face of social, political and economic events as in other countries. The press was come out to publicly announce the work of the government. After a while the press has gained the character that influence to the public opinion. Armistice of Mudros, which was signed on October 30, 1918, started a new era for The Ottoman Empire who accepted that it was defeated in World War I. The national liberation struggle started under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal against the unjustified occupations based on the provisions of the armistice and sometimes in violation and the occupation of Istanbul by the Entente States. During the armed struggle period between 1918 and 1922, there were two centers of power in the country, namely the Ottoman Government in Istanbul and the National Struggle Movement in central Ankara. As a result of this situation, the press of the period is grouped in two centers as the Istanbul press and the Anatolian press. In this study, the relations between the Istanbul Government and Ankara were examined through press reports and comments that were divided into two groups. In the introduction part of the study, information was given about the history of the press in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish press in the Armistice Period. In the First and Second Chapters of the study, the signing of the Mudros Armistice and the developments that emerged after the signing of the armistice were dealt with through the news and comments in the newspapers. In the Third Chapter, Erzurum and Sivas Congresses process and in the Fourth Chapter, the process of softening the relations of Anatolia with the central government was examined. In the Fifth Chapter focuses on the course of change in the relations between the two forces upon the occupation of Istanbul. The Sixth Chapter was a period in which the struggle of the Istanbul Government and the Ankara Government was most strongly reflected in the press. The Seventh and Final Chapter was the process by which the Ankara Government took the initiative. In this chapter, the efforts of adjustment the Istanbul Government with Anatolia, the London Conference and the struggles in the Fronts and the Conference of Mudanya process were discussed in the press.