Kinoanın (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Maternal Obezite Oluşturulan Sıçanların Yavrularında Beslenme Durumu, Psikomotor Davranış ve Bağırsak Geçirgenliği Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Uğural, A. Effects of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on nutritional status, psychomotor behavior and intestinal permeability in offspring of obesity-induced rats. Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Ankara, 2023. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of maternal obesity and quinoa supplementation on chow consumption, some anthropometric parameters, psychomotor behavior and intestinal permeability of offspring. Three-week-old female Wistar rats (n=24) were randomly divided into CON (n=8, control diet-AIN93G), CAF (n=8, cafeteria diet) and CAFQ (n=8, cafeteria diet with quinoa) groups at the end of one-week adaptation period and fed for 8 weeks. In the CAFQ group, chow with quinoa was given in pellet form by adding 310 g of quinoa to 1 kg of chow only during pregnancy and lactation. After eight weeks, all animals were mated (nmale=6) and the same dietary interventions were continued during pregnancy and lactation (14 weeks). Reflex ontogeny tests were performed to the pups during the lactation period. At the end of lactation, 2 male offspring from every dam was separated, housed in the same cages and fed with control chow (AIN93G). Psychomotor behavioral tests were performed during juvenile, adolescence and young adulthood periods (nCON=16, nCAF=11, nCAFQ=16). All pups were euthanized and blood and tissue samples were taken on postnatal day (PD) 61/62. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels of pups and dams were determined using ELISA kits. Maternal dietary interventions did not cause a significant difference in terms of birth weight and body weight during lactation period of the offspring (p>0,05). After lactation the body mass index (BMI) of the CON group was found to be lower than the CAF and CAFQ groups (p<0,05). There was no difference between the groups in the chow consumption and chocolate preference test of the pups after lactation (p>0,05). The effect of maternal diet was not shown in the cliff avoidance and righting reflex tests during the lactation period (p>0,05). It was found that the CAF group jumped more in the box with the other animal compared to the CON group in the jumping down with choice test (p<0,05). In the open field test, the effect of maternal diet was not shown in terms of total locomotor activity and vertical activity (p>0,05). In the elevated plus maze test, open arm entries on PD24 was found to be more in the CAF group than in the CON group, and in PD46, the CON group spent more time in the open arms compared to the CAF group (p<0,05). There was no difference between the groups in terms of depression-like behavior and social interaction (p>0,05). In terms of motor function and balance, it was determined that the CAF group passed the wooden beam longer than the CON and CAFQ groups in PD22 in the balance beam walking test (p<0,05). In terms of IgA levels, there was no difference between the groups in dams and offspring (p>0,05). As a result, it was determined that maternal cafeteria diet caused a tendency to hyperactivity phenotype in the elevated plus maze test in juvenile period and anxiety-like behavior in young adulthood in the same test. It has been shown that quinoa consumption during pregnancy and lactation is effective in alleviating these problems. Therefore, the negative effects of the obesogenic maternal diet on fetal neurodevelopment can be reversed by adding foods with a healthy nutrient profile. However, more research is needed on how the active ingredients in quinoa may affect the fetal brain and nervous system.