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dc.contributor.advisorTayfur Ekmeci, Özge
dc.contributor.authorBolkvadze, Levan
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-24T11:26:47Z
dc.date.available2017-02-24T11:26:47Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.date.submitted2017-01-19
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dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/3217
dc.description.abstractBolkvadze, Levan. A Study on Competitive and Internationalization Strategies of Turkish Construction Companies Operating Internationally. Master's thesis, Ankara, 2017. Technological developments and other rapid changes in the business environment made competition more intense and only the firms having competitive advantage can survive under these conditions. The competition in domestic markets has become one of the main motives for expanding the operations to other countries and markets. Thereby understanding how companies differentiate themselves from their competitors, why and how they expand their operations in international markets has become important issue nowadays. The main objective of this research is to study the competitive and internationalization strategies of Turkish international construction companies in domestic and international markets. Considering the aims of the study, purposive sampling was used such that only the companies having operations outside of Turkey were included in the study. Data were gathered from 10 international contractors through in-depth interviews. The interview questions were prepared in line with the literature about competitive and internationalization strategies Data were analyzed using descriptive and content analyses techniques. Results demonstrated that six of the participant companies follow the differentiation strategy, one of them follows cost leadership strategy, one of them follows cost leadership and differentiation strategies at once and one company follows the focus strategy to differentiate themselves from their competitors in domestic markets. In international markets, however, four of ten companies use differentiation strategy, another four of them uses both differentiation and cost leadership strategies and remaining two companies use all of the competitive strategies (i.e., differentiation, cost leadership and focus strategies) at a time. It is noteworthy to mention that majority of the investigated companies prefer a joint-venture mode for operating on abroad country markets. Looking at the results of this study, contractors are suggested to make use of cost leadership strategy more and follow it through backward integration. Key words: construction sector, competitive strategy, internationalization strategy, entry modestr_TR
dc.description.tableofcontentsACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL...........................................................................i DECLARATION.........................................................................................................ii YATIMLAMA VE FİKİR MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI...........................iii ETIK BEYAN.............................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................v ABSTRACT................................................................................................................vi ÖZET........................................................................................................................ viii TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................x LIST OF TABELS....................................................................................................xiii LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................xiv INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………...........................1 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………..................3 1.1. Corporate Level Strategy.........................................................................4 1.2. Competitive Strategies..............................................................................7 1.2.1. Five Competitive Forces..............................................................7 1.2.1.1. Threat of Entry..............................................................8 1.2.1.2. Rivalry among Existing Firms....................................11 1.2.1.3. Threat of Substitute Products......................................12 1.2.1.4. Bargaining Power of Buyers.......................................12 1.2.1.5. Bargaining Power of Suppliers...……………...................13 1.2.2. Three Generic Strategies..........................................................13 1.2.2.1. Cost Leadership Strategy............................................14 1.2.2.2. Differentiation Strategy..............................................15 1.2.2.3. Focus Strategy............................................................16 1.3. Internationalization Strategy.................................................................17 1.3.1. Country Selection Process………………………….................21 1.3.1.1. Opportunities……………………………..................23 1.3.1.1.1. Product Demand in the Host Country..........23 1.3.1.1.2. Resource Availability..................................23 1.3.1.1.3. Cultural Forces…………………….............24 1.3.1.1.4. Market Size, Economic, Financial Forces...25 1.3.1.1.5. Easiness and Compatibility of Operation....27 1.3.1.1.6. Country Infrastructure.................................27 1.3.1.2. Risks……………...……………………………...................27 1.3.1.2.1. Financial Risk and Uncertainty…………...............28 1.3.1.2.2. Competitive Risk……………………….................28 1.3.1.2.3. Political Risk…………………………....................29 1.3.2. Country Entry Modes…………………………........................30 1.3.2.1. Strategic Alliance........................................................32 1.3.2.2. Build-Operate-Transfer/Equity Project (BOT)...........33 1.3.2.3. Joint Venture Project / Alliance………………..........34 1.3.2.4. Joint Venture Company..............................................35 1.3.2.5. Representative Office…………….............................35 1.3.2.6. Branch Office………………………………..............36 1.3.2.7. Licensing…………………………………….............36 1.3.2.8. Local Agent………………........................................37 1.3.2.9. Sole Venture Company………...................................38 1.4. Construction Industry………………………………............................38 1.4.1. Construction Sector in the World..............................................39 1.4.2. Construction Sector in Turkey………………...........................43 1.5. Internationalization of Turkish Construction Companies.................46 1.5.1. Strengths....................................................................................51 1.5.2. Weaknesses................................................................................52 1.5.3. Opportunities.............................................................................53 1.5.4. Threats.......................................................................................54 CHAPTER 2: METHOD..........................................................................................56 2.1. Data Collection Method.........................................................................56 2.2. Qualitative Research..............................................................................56 2.2.1. Interview Types and Technical Issues.......................................57 2.3. Reliability and validity………………………………….......................60 2.4. Participants.............................................................................................64 2.4.1. First Company Profile…………………………........................65 2.4.2. Second Company Profile...........................................................65 2.4.3. Third Company Profile……………………………..................66 2.4.4. Forth Company Profile………………………………..............66 2.4.5. Fifth Company Profile...............................................................67 2.4.6. Sixth Company Profile..............................................................67 2.4.7. Seventh Company Profile……………………………..............68 2.4.8. Eighth Company Profile............................................................68 2.4.9. Ninth Company Profile..............................................................69 2.4.10. Tenth Company Profile………………………………............69 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS..........................................................................................71 3.1. Company General Profiles……………………………………….....................76 3.2. Company Competitiveness…………………………………………….............78 3.3. Internationalization…………………………………………............................94 3.4. Human Resources and Technical Management………….............................114 3.5. Financing…………………………………………...........................................118 3.6. Control...............................................................................................................122 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION..................................................................................129 4.1. Review of the Findings about Competitive Strategies.......................129 4.2. Review of the Finding about Internalization......................................135 4.3. Limitations.............................................................................................148 4.4. Suggestion..............................................................................................148 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................151 APPENDICES..........................................................................................................181 A. INTERVIEW FORM..........................................................................................181 B. VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION FORM......................................................185 C. ETHICS BOARD APPROVAL.........................................................................187 D. THESIS ORIGINALITY REPORT..................................................................188   LIST OF TABELS TABLES Table 1.1: Construction Projects According to Countries...........................................45 Table 1.2: Construction Sector Growth rate...............................................................47 Table 1.3: Abroad Projects and their Costs.....................................................................50   LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES Figure 1.1: Five Competitive Forces.................................................................................8 Figure 1.2: Three Generic strategies...............................................................................14 Figure 1.3: The field of international business – activities across borders..........................19 Fıgure 1.4: Country Selection Process............................................................................22 Figure 1.5: Country Entry Modes...................................................................................31 Figure 1.6: Construction Investment in 2014...................................................................42 Figure 1.7: International Construction Sales....................................................................43 Figure 1.8: Construction Sector Growth Rate..................................................................48 Figure 1.9: Annual International Contracting Services...............................................49 Figure 1.10: Distribution of International Works by Country...........................................49 Figure 1.11: Distribution of International Works by Nature of Work................................50 Figure 4.1: Firms according to their competitive strategies on domestic market...............130 Figure 4.2: Competitive strategies of firms on domestic market...............................132 Figure 4.3: Competitive strategies of firms on international market.........................133 Figure 4.4: Competitive strategies of firms on international market................................135 Figure 4.5: Entry modes..............................................................................................136 Figure 4.6: Internationalization motives........................................................................138 Figure 4.7: Internationalization difficulties.....................................................................140 Figure 4.8: Governmental, political and legal factors.......................................................142 Figure 4.9: Resource related factors...............................................................................144 Figure 4.10: Economic and financial factors...................................................................145 Figure 4.11: Market related factors...........................................................................145 Figure 4.12: Strategies for overcoming difficulties...................................................147tr_TR
dc.language.isoentr_TR
dc.publisherSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsütr_TR
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesstr_TR
dc.subjectConstruction sectortr_TR
dc.subjectCompetitive strategy
dc.subjectInternationalization strategy
dc.subjectEntry modes
dc.titleA Study On Competıtıve and Internatıonalızatıon Strategıes of Turkısh Constructıon Companıes Operatıng Internatıonallytr_TR
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesistr_TR
dc.description.ozetBolkvadze, Levan. Uluslararası düzeyde çalışan Türk inşaat şirketlerinin rekabetçilik ve uluslararasılaşma stratejileri üzerine bir çalışma. Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara, 2017. İş dünyasındaki teknolojik gelişmeler ve diğer hızlı değişmeler rekabeti daha yoğun hale getirmekte ve bu koşullarda sadece rekabetçi avantaja sahip olan firmalar faaliyetlerine devam edebilmektedir. Yerel pazarlardaki rekabet, başka ülke ve pazarlara faaliyetleri genişletmenin en önemli nedenlerinden biri olmuştur. Bu nedenle, günümüzde firmaların kendilerini rakip firmalardan nasıl farklılaştırdıklarını anlamak, uluslararası pazarlarda faaliyetlerini nasıl ve neden genişlettiklerini anlamak önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmanın esas amacı, Türk uluslararası inşaat şirketlerinin yerel ve uluslararası piyasalarda kullandıkları rekabetçi ve uluslararasılaşma stratejilerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın amaçları göz önünde bulundurularak, amaçlı örnekleme yapılmış, bu çerçevede sadece Türkiye dışında da faaliyetleri olan inşaat firmaları çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler 10 uluslararası inşaat firmasından derinlemesine görüşme tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Görüşme soruları rekabet ve uluslararasılaşma stratejileri ile ilgili literatür göz önünde bulundurularak oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler betimsel ve içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, incelenen 10 şirketten altısının rekabet stratejilerinden farklılaştırma stratejisini, birinin maliyet liderliği stratejisini, birinin farklılaştırma ve maliyet liderliği stratejilerinin birlikte ve diğerinin odak stratejini takip ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Uluslararası pazarda ise on şirketin dördünün farklılaşma stratejisini, diğer dördünün farklılaştırma ve maliyet liderliğini bir arada kullandığı ve geri kalan iki şirketin ise bütün rekabet stratejilerini ( farklılaşma, maliyet liderliği ve odak strateji) kullandıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca, araştırılan şirketlerin çoğunluğunun yurt dışı ülke pazarlarında faaliyet göstermek ve bu pazarlara girmek için ortak girişim yöntemini tercih ettiği bulgusundan bahsetmekte fayda vardır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına bakıldığında inşaat şirketlerinin maliyet liderliği stratejisine vurgu yapmaları ve geriye dönük entegrasyon yoluyla takip etmeleri önerilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Inşaat sektörü, rekabet stratejisi, uluslararasılaşma stratejisi, giriş modlarıtr_TR
dc.contributor.departmentİşletmetr_TR
dc.contributor.authorID10139201tr_TR


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