Dental İmplant Tedavisi Öncesi Maksilla ve Mandibuladaki Anatomik Yapıların ve Varyasyonlarının Radyolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Imaging is an extremely important tool in the field of dentistry for the diagnosis of dental pathologies and for the preoperative evaluation of the jaws before dental implant treatment. Intra oral and extra oral radiographic techniques used in dentistry suffer from inherent limitations such as magnification, distortion and superimposition of anatomic structures due to their two dimensional nature. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners of the oral and maxillofacial region were developed in the late 1990s with the advantages of minimal metal artifacts, reduced costs, easier accessibility. CBCT scans allow detailed visualization of anatomic structures of the jaws to avoid impingement of these structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomic variations of the jaws. In the present study a total of 156 scans (87 maxilla, 72 mandible) were evaluated and maxillary sinus septa characteristics and localization, sinus mucosal thickening, posterior superior alveolary arter (PSAA) and nasopalatin canal (NPC) characteristics, mental and lingual foramen and mandibular canal characteristics and the effect of age and sex on these anatomic variations were analyzed. According to statistical analysis the age did not affect the included anatomic variations however teeth loss with the increasing age can affect the anatomic variations. Gender affected the crestal dimensions above the mandibular canal and sinus mucosal thickening. High prevelance of sinus septa and PSAA was detected in the scans. From a clinical and radiological point of view, due to their high prevelance and significant morphologic variability, anatomical structures and their variations should be 3 dimensionally evaluated before any dental implant and augmentation procedure to reduce the damage of the anatomical structures and the complications rates.