Biyolojik Yollar ile Sentezlenen Organik/İnorganik Nanopartiküllerin Biyoaktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi ve Tedavi Amaçlı Kullanımları

Abstract

Nowadays, nano-systems especially those multifunctional organic / inorganic nanoparticles are of particular interest in the biomedical field. Silver nanoparticles, which are also known as inorganic nanoparticles and belong to the group of metallic nanoparticles having an important place in nanotechnology, exhibit antibacterial and anticancer properties. The use of silver nanoparticles in the field that requires human contact leads to nanoparticle synthesis with biological systems. Thus, more environmentally friendly structures emerge. Pullulan biopolymer, known as organic nanoparticles, is of great interest due to its biocompatible, biodegradable and biofunctional properties. In addition to these properties, it can be synthesized by biological pathways. The main disadvantage of chemotherapy approach is the destruction of one's own healthy cells as well as the cell that has cancer characteristic during process. The aim of the studies in the field of nanotechnology is to design and synthesize new nanostructures or to add new features to existing nanostructures and to use these features in new functions. As a result of the studies reported in recent years, data have been obtained for the use of nanobiotechnology for the benefit of people, mainly in biomedical and medical fields. iv In this thesis study, a new and biological alternative approach to the production of extracellular organic / inorganic bio-nanoparticles has been introduced by using metabolites of microorganisms and microorganisms. The aim of this study has been established the complexes of organic biopolymers and inorganic metal nanoparticles synthesized biologically and to investigate their effects on cancer cells. The characterization procedures of the biomaterials which are synthesized by using cell extracts of microorganisms have been determined to be AgNP and pullulan biopolymers synthesized by performing nanomaterials for each nanomaterial. The different physical and chemical parameters of the synthesized biomaterials at the production and synthesis stages were optimized. AgNPs and pullulan biopolymers bioactivity studies were performed and AgNP + Pullulan biopolymer complexes were prepared according to the data obtained. It was first characterized and then bioactivity studies were carried out. According to the results, antimicrobial, antibiotic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of AgNPs are higher than pullulan biopolymer. As a result of bioactivity studies of AgNP + Pullulan biopolymer complexes, it was observed that the activities of these structures were higher than both biomaterials.