Kant’ın Hukuk Felsefesinde Kozmopolitizm Düşüncesi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Cosmopolitanism/world citizenship is an important concept that originated in Ancient Greece but became a basis for many philosophical and political concepts, especially human rights, which became popular in modern philosophy with Kant's works on political philosophy. According to Kant, the perpetual peace and world citizenship status that human beings will attain in the end is regulated in a completely legal framework in Kant's philosophy as the highest purpose determined by nature for humanity and they are inseparably related due to the necessity of each other. Although they are described not only as a utopian vision of the future but as a legal structure of reason, the ideas of cosmopolitanism and perpetual peace have been regarded as a utopia that can never be realized by some thinkers. Cosmopolitanism and related perpetual peace are criticized by various aspects such as the problems thought to create the use of the concept of humanity in this context, the attempt to homogenize the multipolar structure of the world with cosmopolitanism, the limits of the concept of universal hospitality, or whether the end of the war is possible but never lose their importance in political philosophy. Nowadays, the concept of cosmopolitanism and its critics are revisited because of the changes in the form of wars to interventions, refugee problems gain importance and human rights violations are on the agenda. Therefore, in this study, different views on the realization of the concept of cosmopolitanism as presented by Kant have been sampled and tried to put an entire perspective on the subject.