Çine-Tepecik İnsan İskelet Kalıntılarının Arkeogenomik Analizi

Abstract

There has been an increase in ancient DNA studies recently. With these new studies, the genetic structures, demographic information and relationships with other archaeological communities of contemporaries are revealed. In addition to this, new analyzes are introduced to the information obtained on the internal dynamics of the old human communities determined by archaeological and anthropological evaluations. In this thesis, human skeletal remains unearthed from the archaeological settlement of Çine-Tepecik in Western Anatolia were investigated. Çine-Tepecik has cultural layers covering the period from the Late Neolithic /Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age. It has also a cemetery dated Hellennistic/Roman Period. Ten individuals were selected for archaeogenomic examination. 10 dental specimens were selected from all individuals and Pars petrosa bones were selected from five of the same individuals. By obtaining aDNA from these samples, the HVRI and HVRII regions in the mitochondrial hereditary structure, which gave an idea about the maternal lineage, were analyzed and haplogroups of these individuals were identified and evaluated together with the data of other published ancient communities. In addition, genomic libraries of individuals were created and all genome analyzes were conducted. All genome data obtained were compared with other archaeological communities with ancient genome information published and the position of Çine-Tepecik human samples in ancient Anatolian and Western Eurasian populations was discussed. As a result of mtDNA analysis and whole genome studies, haplogroup determination was made in 4 samples. In the light of the data obtained from genome studies, biological sexes of 8 individuals were determined. PMD (postmortem damage) graphs of five individuals were plotted. Authenticity was observed in four of five individuals. When PCA graph and mtDNA haplogroups (J1d, H2 and R) obtained from genome results were examined, it was seen that Çine-Tepecik samples showed genetic similarity with the ancient Anatolian populations.