Ekolojik Tarım ve Küresel Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri: Oecd Ülkelerinde Bir Uygulama

Abstract

Agricultural production, always had an important place in providing basic nutritional sources. With the industrial revolution, agricultural sector has rapidly enlarged and the usage of chemical inputs began with the principle of “more producing for more people”. However, the disadvantages of these methods have started to attract attention. As the measure of damaged natural resources increases, the awareness of society raised and search for environment friendly, sustainable methods have started. Subsequently the concept of ecological agriculture has revealed. Ecological agriculture ensures soil fertility and food security through environment friendly methods and assimilates a sustainable production model as it’s free from harmful substances to world resources. In an environmental sense, sustainability is the ability to carry ecological systems, functions and productivity to the future. In 2015, the United Nations set the Global Sustainable Development Goals as 17 targets&169 sub-targets for sustainable future. The term of sustainable development claims that the resources used in the provision of basic needs can be protected and carried to the future. Also economic development can be accomplished with an environment friendly approach. In this context, it is clear that ecological agriculture and sustainable development targets support each other. In order to support this parallelism with the data obtained, efficiency was measured by Data Envelopment Analysis, which is frequently used in the evaluation of the efficiency in agricultural production. The aim of this study is to examine the applications of organic agriculture within the framework of sustainable development and to emphasize their contribution to global development. Efficiency of OECD countries is analyzed by using organic agriculture data which is an integral part of ecological agriculture. For efficiency analyze, the organic production area, number of farmers and sales revenue of OECD countries in 2007-2017 range were used. Data Envelopment Analysis was used as efficiency measurement method in performance evaluation. The results of the analysis were used in the Malmquist total factor productivity analysis to measure the productivity of the same countries over the years. The final values were assessed together with the Sustainable Development Goals.