Ergenlerde Farklı Spor Tiplerinin Kemik Mineral Dansitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Özet
Bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to the external and internal stimuli to which it is exposed across the life course. Potential factors that influence bone health include genetics, hormones, nutrition, and physical activity. Physical activity is one of the modifiable factors that may lead to changes in bone density. Peak bone mass (PBM) attained by the third decade of life is an important determinant of the risk of osteoporosis and fracture in late adulthood. Any positive influence on bone mineral density may prevent serious present and future threats to bone health. Skeleton adapts to the loading that results from specific sports activities. Different types of sports can cause very different mechanical loadings. Sports activities including weight bearing exercises, or producing impact loading on the skeleton, are associated with higher bone density than non-impact sports. In this study, femur and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and aBMD Z-scores were compared among adolescent athletes involved in swimming (n=50, repetitive non-impact sport), ice sakting (n=7, repetitive high impact sport) and pentathlon (n=18, combination of repetitive non-impact and low-impact sports). Mean aBMD values of ice skaters at the proximal femur (total, trochanter, neck) were statistically higher than in other groups. No significant differences were found for BMC and Z-scores at the proximal femur and lumbar spine between sport groups. Energy and calcium intakes of adolescent athletes were far below the recommended dietary intake levels. Also, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among athletes was found. In conclusion, weight bearing and high impact physical activity as in the case of ice skating has a site specific positive effect on BMD and may influence clinically important PBM. As adequate nutrition is essential for bone health in children, energy and calcium intakes as well as vitamin D status should be assessed in adolescent athletes.