Türkiye'de Bölgesel Dengesizliklerin Giderilmesi ve Teşvik Tedbirlerinin Rolü ve Etkinliği

Abstract

Incentives can be defined as tangible and / or intangible support, assistance and encouragements given to the public by various methods in order to ensure both resource allocation and socio-economic development by transferring resources to areas considered to be more efficient and beneficial for the country's economy. This study is designed to examine the role and effectiveness of incentive measures in the elimination of regional imbalances. In this context, firstly, the regional imbalances in Turkey have been demonstrated by various indicators. The role of incentive measures to eliminate this problem has been mentioned. About the historical development of regional incentives in Turkey has been informed. Then, the regional distribution of the incentives given in recent years is analyzed.

One of the approaches inspecting the existence and intensity of regional imbalances is the convergence hypothesis. The convergence hypothesis suggests that economies with similar initial factors will have similar levels of per capita income. The convergence hypothesis suggest that similar economies with similar initial factor equipment converge to approximately the same per capita income level. In order to analyze the effectiveness of incentive measures in the elimination of regional imbalances, a cross-sectional analysis was performed for 2004-2017 period by using data on NUTS Level I basis. In the first phase, the existence of absolute convergence has investigated between 12 regions in this period. It has been achived that the annual average convergence between the regions is 0.85%.

In order to determine the effect of incentive measures on inter-regional income convergence, incentive amounts data per person were added to the model. The convergence rate between the regions was found to be 0.71%. However, the main conclusion in this analysis were the inference that incentive practices were statistically ineffective in inter-regional convergence. According to the results, during the 2004-2017 incentives given to investments in Turkey can be said that there is no effect on the regional imbalances. The aim of eliminating regional imbalances was highlighted in 2009 and beyond when it was realized new incentive practices. Some solution suggestions that are considered to be helpful in achieving this aim are presented in the last section of the thesis.