Ultra Dayanıklılık Sporcularının Beslenme Durumu ile Probiyotik Kullanımının Egzersizle İndüklenen Semptomlar ve Dayanıklılık Performansına Etkisi

Abstract

Exercise-induced symptoms and oxidative stress are commonly seen in ultra-endurance athletes, especially in triathletes and marathoners. The aim of this study is to define the effects of regularly used food supplements on exercise-induced gastrointestinal problems, dehydration and oxidative stress in ultra-endurance athletes. It was planned to carry out in 24 (12 males, 12 females) ultra-endurance athletes aged between 24-49 years. Participants were required to visit 3 times. At the first visit, resting metabolic rates and maximal oxygen consumption capacity were measured. The study questionnaire form including Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was filled by participants. On the second visit, the participants had performed the exercise protocol (45 min on a bicycle ergometer (%65 VO2 max) + time-to-exhaustion run (%75 VO2 max), blood samples and urine sample were collected before and after the exercise. After completing the 2nd visit protocol, 6 female and 6 male athletes were required to use food supplements containing L. Rhamnosus GG + oral rehydration salts (ORS), besides 6 female and 6 male athletes used just ORS supplement for 28 days. The third visit was carried out between 1-7 days after completing the use of food supplements, and the same protocol as the 2nd visit and GSRS was applied to the participants. Food consumption was determined by dietary records and food frequency questionnaire. Dietary records were evaluated using BEBIS program (BEBIS 8.0, student version, Germany). Data taken from the study were analyzed using the SPSS program (SPSS version 23.0). As a result of the study, it was found that the GSRS scores were decreased after L. Rhamnosus GG+ ORS supplementation (men; p = 0.043, women; p = 0.028). A positive significant change in the type of stool was observed after the race in L. Rhamnosus GG+ ORS supplementation group (men; p = 0.050, women; p = 0.041). Both supplements were found to increase pre-exercise serum sodium levels (probiotic + ORS; men, p = 0.028, women, p = 0.046, just ORS; men, p = 0.017, women, p = 0.036). This effect was not observed in serum potassium and chlorine values (p> 0.05). Plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2 was found to be less increased after L. Rhamnosus GG+ ORS supplementation (p<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity scores were increased (p=0.027) and the oxidative stress index scores were decreased after L. Rhamnosus GG+ ORS supplementation in women (p = 0.028). L. Rhamnosus GG+ ORS supplementation did not have any significant effect on time-to-exhaustion time (p>0.05). The results show that L. Rhamnosus GG + ORS supplementation in ultra-endurance athletes may have a positive effect on exercise-induced clinical symptoms and oxidative stress, but no significant impact on endurance performance. Our study provides the framework for future studies to assess the effects of long-term L. Rhamnosus GG + ORS supplementation in ultra-endurance athletes.