Sıçan tip 2 diyabet modelinde farklı egzersiz tiplerinin metabolik parametreler, inflamatuar belirleyiciler ve kasın histolojik yapısı üzerine etkisi

Abstract

The aim of our study was to determine and compare the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and combined exercise training on metabolic parameters, inflammatory predictors and histological structure of muscle in rat type 2 diabetes model. Our study was performed on 23 male rats with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were divided into four groups as aerobic exercise group (n=6), resistant exercise group (n=6), combined exercise group (n=6) and control group (n=5). The aerobic exercise group were performed 45-60 minutes of swimming training, resistance exercise group were adapted to climb stair with weights that were 75-100% of the body weight attached to their tails, combined exercise group were performed the exercise protocol in which the swimming exercise and weighted climbing stair exercises were alternately combined for 6 weeks 3 times a week. Rats in control group did not performed any exercise protocol. The body weight was measured and the blood glucose level was determined using glucometer by taking blood from the tail vein at the beginning of the exercise period (2nd week), the middle of the exercise period (5th.week), the end of the exercise period (8th week). After exercise training, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ALT, AST, HbA1c, insulin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin1-β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and irisin hormone were determined taking blood from the hearts of the subjects under anesthesia by the respective kits. M. Soleus and M. Flexor digitorum brevis muscles were removed and structural changes in muscle tissues were examined histologically. As a result of the study, the body weight and blood glucose level were significantly decreased in aerobic exercise and combined exercise group (p<0.05), no changes were seen in resistance exercise group and control group (p>0.05). The body weight, blood glucose, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in aerobic exercise and combined exercise group were found to be significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels between aerobic exercise group and combined exercise group (p>0.05). The blood glucose level of the resistance exercise group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). The serum irisin levels were significantly higher in all exercise groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). The serum irisin levels of the aerobic exercise training group were significantly higher than the resistance exercise training group (p<0.05). The cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, AST, HbA1c and insulin levels were no significant differences between experimental groups (p>0.05). The histological data were analyzed. It was determined that aerobic exercise and combined exercise training had a positive effect on muscle histology compared to the resistant exercise group and control group. In conclusion, aerobic and combined exercise training have been shown to reduce body weight, improve glycemic control, create an anti-inflammatory effect, prevent complications and increase the energy level of serum irisin by regulating the energy metabolism. The resistance exercise training had positive effects on glucose metabolism and release of irisin hormone.